Centro Atómico Bariloche

Are you a researcher?

Create a profile to get free access to personal recommendations for colleagues and new articles.

Short name

CAB

Country, city

Argentina, Bariloche

05m802881

Organization website

Publications

6 826

Citations

131 481

h-index

125

Top-3 journals

Physical Review B (902 publications)

Physical Review A (285 publications)

Physical Review Letters (234 publications)

Top-3 organizations

Balseiro Institute (3752 publications)

Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (1173 publications)

Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (516 publications)

Top-3 foreign organizations

Université Paris-Saclay (184 publications)

Sorbonne University (146 publications)

Universidade Estadual de Campinas (118 publications)

Top-1 researchers by h-index

Hernán Javier

11 publications, 131 citations

h-index: 6

Most cited in 5 years

Found

Publication title

Publisher

Journal

Countries

Found

Since 1957

Total publications

6826

Total citations

131481

Citations per publication

19.26

Average publications per year

97.51

Average authors per publication

7.01

h-index

125

Metrics description

h-index

A scientist has an h-index if h of his N publications are cited at least h times each, while the remaining (N - h) publications are cited no more than h times each.

https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0507655102

Top-30

Fields of science

	500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Condensed Matter Physics	Condensed Matter Physics, 2015, 29.52% Condensed Matter Physics 2015 publications, 29.52%
Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 1026, 15.03% Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials 1026 publications, 15.03%
General Physics and Astronomy	General Physics and Astronomy, 963, 14.11% General Physics and Astronomy 963 publications, 14.11%
General Materials Science	General Materials Science, 695, 10.18% General Materials Science 695 publications, 10.18%
Nuclear and High Energy Physics	Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 563, 8.25% Nuclear and High Energy Physics 563 publications, 8.25%
Mechanical Engineering	Mechanical Engineering, 516, 7.56% Mechanical Engineering 516 publications, 7.56%
Materials Chemistry	Materials Chemistry, 467, 6.84% Materials Chemistry 467 publications, 6.84%
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 462, 6.77% Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics 462 publications, 6.77%
Mechanics of Materials	Mechanics of Materials, 449, 6.58% Mechanics of Materials 449 publications, 6.58%
Electrical and Electronic Engineering	Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 429, 6.28% Electrical and Electronic Engineering 429 publications, 6.28%
General Chemistry	General Chemistry, 380, 5.57% General Chemistry 380 publications, 5.57%
Metals and Alloys	Metals and Alloys, 335, 4.91% Metals and Alloys 335 publications, 4.91%
Instrumentation	Instrumentation, 284, 4.16% Instrumentation 284 publications, 4.16%
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry	Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 251, 3.68% Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 251 publications, 3.68%
Energy Engineering and Power Technology	Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 240, 3.52% Energy Engineering and Power Technology 240 publications, 3.52%
Surfaces, Coatings and Films	Surfaces, Coatings and Films, 219, 3.21% Surfaces, Coatings and Films 219 publications, 3.21%
General Engineering	General Engineering, 200, 2.93% General Engineering 200 publications, 2.93%
Nuclear Energy and Engineering	Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 190, 2.78% Nuclear Energy and Engineering 190 publications, 2.78%
General Medicine	General Medicine, 189, 2.77% General Medicine 189 publications, 2.77%
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 156, 2.29% Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment 156 publications, 2.29%
Surfaces and Interfaces	Surfaces and Interfaces, 127, 1.86% Surfaces and Interfaces 127 publications, 1.86%
Statistical and Nonlinear Physics	Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, 125, 1.83% Statistical and Nonlinear Physics 125 publications, 1.83%
Statistics and Probability	Statistics and Probability, 118, 1.73% Statistics and Probability 118 publications, 1.73%
Fuel Technology	Fuel Technology, 116, 1.7% Fuel Technology 116 publications, 1.7%
Mathematical Physics	Mathematical Physics, 110, 1.61% Mathematical Physics 110 publications, 1.61%
Ceramics and Composites	Ceramics and Composites, 100, 1.46% Ceramics and Composites 100 publications, 1.46%
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)	Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 99, 1.45% Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) 99 publications, 1.45%
Applied Mathematics	Applied Mathematics, 98, 1.44% Applied Mathematics 98 publications, 1.44%
Astronomy and Astrophysics	Astronomy and Astrophysics, 88, 1.29% Astronomy and Astrophysics 88 publications, 1.29%
General Chemical Engineering	General Chemical Engineering, 87, 1.27% General Chemical Engineering 87 publications, 1.27%
	500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Journals

	100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Physical Review B	Physical Review B, 902, 13.21% Physical Review B 902 publications, 13.21%
Physical Review A	Physical Review A, 285, 4.18% Physical Review A 285 publications, 4.18%
Physical Review Letters	Physical Review Letters, 234, 3.43% Physical Review Letters 234 publications, 3.43%
Physical Review E	Physical Review E, 209, 3.06% Physical Review E 209 publications, 3.06%
Physica B: Condensed Matter	Physica B: Condensed Matter, 185, 2.71% Physica B: Condensed Matter 185 publications, 2.71%
Physical Review D	Physical Review D, 175, 2.56% Physical Review D 175 publications, 2.56%
Journal of Physics: Conference Series	Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 150, 2.2% Journal of Physics: Conference Series 150 publications, 2.2%
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 141, 2.07% Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 141 publications, 2.07%
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials	Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 130, 1.9% Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 130 publications, 1.9%
Journal of Alloys and Compounds	Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 120, 1.76% Journal of Alloys and Compounds 120 publications, 1.76%
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 110, 1.61% International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 110 publications, 1.61%
Solid State Communications	Solid State Communications, 104, 1.52% Solid State Communications 104 publications, 1.52%
Journal of High Energy Physics	Journal of High Energy Physics, 99, 1.45% Journal of High Energy Physics 99 publications, 1.45%
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications	Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 98, 1.44% Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 98 publications, 1.44%
Journal of Applied Physics	Journal of Applied Physics, 95, 1.39% Journal of Applied Physics 95 publications, 1.39%
Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications	Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications, 93, 1.36% Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 93 publications, 1.36%
Journal of Physics Condensed Matter	Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 78, 1.14% Journal of Physics Condensed Matter 78 publications, 1.14%
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics	Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 70, 1.03% Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 70 publications, 1.03%
Materials Science & Engineering A: Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing	Materials Science & Engineering A: Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing, 70, 1.03% Materials Science & Engineering A: Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing 70 publications, 1.03%
European Physical Journal B	European Physical Journal B, 66, 0.97% European Physical Journal B 66 publications, 0.97%
Applied Physics Letters	Applied Physics Letters, 58, 0.85% Applied Physics Letters 58 publications, 0.85%
Journal of Physical Chemistry C	Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 54, 0.79% Journal of Physical Chemistry C 54 publications, 0.79%
Journal of Nuclear Materials	Journal of Nuclear Materials, 54, 0.79% Journal of Nuclear Materials 54 publications, 0.79%
Europhysics Letters	Europhysics Letters, 45, 0.66% Europhysics Letters 45 publications, 0.66%
Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics	Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics, 44, 0.64% Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics 44 publications, 0.64%
Journal of Low Temperature Physics	Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 44, 0.64% Journal of Low Temperature Physics 44 publications, 0.64%
Applied Surface Science	Applied Surface Science, 40, 0.59% Applied Surface Science 40 publications, 0.59%
Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics	Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics, 40, 0.59% Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics 40 publications, 0.59%
Surface Science	Surface Science, 39, 0.57% Surface Science 39 publications, 0.57%
Nuclear Engineering and Design	Nuclear Engineering and Design, 38, 0.56% Nuclear Engineering and Design 38 publications, 0.56%
	100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Publishers

	500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Elsevier	Elsevier, 2229, 32.65% Elsevier 2229 publications, 32.65%
American Physical Society (APS)	American Physical Society (APS), 1846, 27.04% American Physical Society (APS) 1846 publications, 27.04%
Springer Nature	Springer Nature, 724, 10.61% Springer Nature 724 publications, 10.61%
IOP Publishing	IOP Publishing, 562, 8.23% IOP Publishing 562 publications, 8.23%
AIP Publishing	AIP Publishing, 260, 3.81% AIP Publishing 260 publications, 3.81%
Wiley	Wiley, 193, 2.83% Wiley 193 publications, 2.83%
American Chemical Society (ACS)	American Chemical Society (ACS), 137, 2.01% American Chemical Society (ACS) 137 publications, 2.01%
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 124, 1.82% Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 124 publications, 1.82%
World Scientific	World Scientific, 94, 1.38% World Scientific 94 publications, 1.38%
Taylor & Francis	Taylor & Francis, 89, 1.3% Taylor & Francis 89 publications, 1.3%
EDP Sciences	EDP Sciences, 78, 1.14% EDP Sciences 78 publications, 1.14%
MDPI	MDPI, 59, 0.86% MDPI 59 publications, 0.86%
The Electrochemical Society	The Electrochemical Society, 43, 0.63% The Electrochemical Society 43 publications, 0.63%
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 40, 0.59% Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 40 publications, 0.59%
Oxford University Press	Oxford University Press, 28, 0.41% Oxford University Press 28 publications, 0.41%
Trans Tech Publications	Trans Tech Publications, 25, 0.37% Trans Tech Publications 25 publications, 0.37%
Public Library of Science (PLoS)	Public Library of Science (PLoS), 22, 0.32% Public Library of Science (PLoS) 22 publications, 0.32%
Frontiers Media S.A.	Frontiers Media S.A., 19, 0.28% Frontiers Media S.A. 19 publications, 0.28%
Hindawi Limited	Hindawi Limited, 18, 0.26% Hindawi Limited 18 publications, 0.26%
Cambridge University Press	Cambridge University Press, 16, 0.23% Cambridge University Press 16 publications, 0.23%
Optica Publishing Group	Optica Publishing Group, 14, 0.21% Optica Publishing Group 14 publications, 0.21%
American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT)	American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT), 14, 0.21% American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) 14 publications, 0.21%
MIT Press	MIT Press, 13, 0.19% MIT Press 13 publications, 0.19%
Stichting SciPost	Stichting SciPost, 11, 0.16% Stichting SciPost 11 publications, 0.16%
The Royal Society	The Royal Society, 10, 0.15% The Royal Society 10 publications, 0.15%
Walter de Gruyter	Walter de Gruyter, 9, 0.13% Walter de Gruyter 9 publications, 0.13%
SAGE	SAGE, 8, 0.12% SAGE 8 publications, 0.12%
Society of Exploration Geophysicists	Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 8, 0.12% Society of Exploration Geophysicists 8 publications, 0.12%
International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)	International Union of Crystallography (IUCr), 8, 0.12% International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) 8 publications, 0.12%
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro	Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 8, 0.12% Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 8 publications, 0.12%
	500 1000 1500 2000 2500

With other organizations

	500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Balseiro Institute	Balseiro Institute, 3752, 54.97% Balseiro Institute 3752 publications, 54.97%
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo	Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 1173, 17.18% Universidad Nacional de Cuyo 1173 publications, 17.18%
Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica	Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 516, 7.56% Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica 516 publications, 7.56%
University of Buenos Aires	University of Buenos Aires, 318, 4.66% University of Buenos Aires 318 publications, 4.66%
National University of La Plata	National University of La Plata, 280, 4.1% National University of La Plata 280 publications, 4.1%
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba	Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 201, 2.94% Universidad Nacional de Córdoba 201 publications, 2.94%
Universidad Nacional del Comahue	Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 197, 2.89% Universidad Nacional del Comahue 197 publications, 2.89%
Centro Atómico Constituyentes	Centro Atómico Constituyentes, 185, 2.71% Centro Atómico Constituyentes 185 publications, 2.71%
Université Paris-Saclay	Université Paris-Saclay, 184, 2.7% Université Paris-Saclay 184 publications, 2.7%
Sorbonne University	Sorbonne University, 146, 2.14% Sorbonne University 146 publications, 2.14%
Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio	Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio, 135, 1.98% Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio 135 publications, 1.98%
Universidad Nacional del Sur	Universidad Nacional del Sur, 123, 1.8% Universidad Nacional del Sur 123 publications, 1.8%
Universidade Estadual de Campinas	Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 118, 1.73% Universidade Estadual de Campinas 118 publications, 1.73%
National Technological University	National Technological University, 110, 1.61% National Technological University 110 publications, 1.61%
Grenoble Alpes University	Grenoble Alpes University, 96, 1.41% Grenoble Alpes University 96 publications, 1.41%
University of Santiago de Compostela	University of Santiago de Compostela, 90, 1.32% University of Santiago de Compostela 90 publications, 1.32%
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro	Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 87, 1.27% Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 87 publications, 1.27%
University of São Paulo	University of São Paulo, 85, 1.25% University of São Paulo 85 publications, 1.25%
Universidad Nacional de Rosario	Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 84, 1.23% Universidad Nacional de Rosario 84 publications, 1.23%
Instituto de Física La Plata	Instituto de Física La Plata, 84, 1.23% Instituto de Física La Plata 84 publications, 1.23%
National Institute for Nuclear Physics	National Institute for Nuclear Physics, 83, 1.22% National Institute for Nuclear Physics 83 publications, 1.22%
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México	Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 72, 1.05% Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 72 publications, 1.05%
University of Zaragoza	University of Zaragoza, 68, 1% University of Zaragoza 68 publications, 1%
National University of General San Martín	National University of General San Martín, 67, 0.98% National University of General San Martín 67 publications, 0.98%
Institut Laue-Langevin	Institut Laue-Langevin, 67, 0.98% Institut Laue-Langevin 67 publications, 0.98%
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata	Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 66, 0.97% Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata 66 publications, 0.97%
Jožef Stefan Institute	Jožef Stefan Institute, 65, 0.95% Jožef Stefan Institute 65 publications, 0.95%
Aragon Nanoscience and Materials Institute	Aragon Nanoscience and Materials Institute, 65, 0.95% Aragon Nanoscience and Materials Institute 65 publications, 0.95%
University of Chicago	University of Chicago, 62, 0.91% University of Chicago 62 publications, 0.91%
National University of San Luis	National University of San Luis, 62, 0.91% National University of San Luis 62 publications, 0.91%
	500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

With foreign organizations

	20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Université Paris-Saclay	Université Paris-Saclay, 184, 2.7% Université Paris-Saclay 184 publications, 2.7%
Sorbonne University	Sorbonne University, 146, 2.14% Sorbonne University 146 publications, 2.14%
Universidade Estadual de Campinas	Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 118, 1.73% Universidade Estadual de Campinas 118 publications, 1.73%
Grenoble Alpes University	Grenoble Alpes University, 96, 1.41% Grenoble Alpes University 96 publications, 1.41%
University of Santiago de Compostela	University of Santiago de Compostela, 90, 1.32% University of Santiago de Compostela 90 publications, 1.32%
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro	Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 87, 1.27% Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 87 publications, 1.27%
University of São Paulo	University of São Paulo, 85, 1.25% University of São Paulo 85 publications, 1.25%
National Institute for Nuclear Physics	National Institute for Nuclear Physics, 83, 1.22% National Institute for Nuclear Physics 83 publications, 1.22%
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México	Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 72, 1.05% Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 72 publications, 1.05%
University of Zaragoza	University of Zaragoza, 68, 1% University of Zaragoza 68 publications, 1%
Institut Laue-Langevin	Institut Laue-Langevin, 67, 0.98% Institut Laue-Langevin 67 publications, 0.98%
Jožef Stefan Institute	Jožef Stefan Institute, 65, 0.95% Jožef Stefan Institute 65 publications, 0.95%
Aragon Nanoscience and Materials Institute	Aragon Nanoscience and Materials Institute, 65, 0.95% Aragon Nanoscience and Materials Institute 65 publications, 0.95%
University of Chicago	University of Chicago, 62, 0.91% University of Chicago 62 publications, 0.91%
Institute of NanoSciences of Paris	Institute of NanoSciences of Paris, 62, 0.91% Institute of NanoSciences of Paris 62 publications, 0.91%
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology	Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 59, 0.86% Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 59 publications, 0.86%
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul	Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 59, 0.86% Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul 59 publications, 0.86%
Los Alamos National Laboratory	Los Alamos National Laboratory, 57, 0.84% Los Alamos National Laboratory 57 publications, 0.84%
University of the Basque Country	University of the Basque Country, 54, 0.79% University of the Basque Country 54 publications, 0.79%
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules	Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, 54, 0.79% Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules 54 publications, 0.79%
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory	Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 53, 0.78% Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory 53 publications, 0.78%
University of Milan	University of Milan, 52, 0.76% University of Milan 52 publications, 0.76%
Paris Cité University	Paris Cité University, 49, 0.72% Paris Cité University 49 publications, 0.72%
Federal University of ABC	Federal University of ABC, 49, 0.72% Federal University of ABC 49 publications, 0.72%
University of New Mexico	University of New Mexico, 48, 0.7% University of New Mexico 48 publications, 0.7%
The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics	The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 47, 0.69% The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics 47 publications, 0.69%
Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona	Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona, 46, 0.67% Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona 46 publications, 0.67%
University of Turin	University of Turin, 45, 0.66% University of Turin 45 publications, 0.66%
Universite Libre de Bruxelles	Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 45, 0.66% Universite Libre de Bruxelles 45 publications, 0.66%
Argonne National Laboratory	Argonne National Laboratory, 45, 0.66% Argonne National Laboratory 45 publications, 0.66%
	20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

With other countries

	100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
USA	USA, 719, 10.53% USA 719 publications, 10.53%
France	France, 718, 10.52% France 718 publications, 10.52%
Spain	Spain, 624, 9.14% Spain 624 publications, 9.14%
Germany	Germany, 449, 6.58% Germany 449 publications, 6.58%
Brazil	Brazil, 403, 5.9% Brazil 403 publications, 5.9%
Italy	Italy, 316, 4.63% Italy 316 publications, 4.63%
United Kingdom	United Kingdom, 186, 2.72% United Kingdom 186 publications, 2.72%
Switzerland	Switzerland, 175, 2.56% Switzerland 175 publications, 2.56%
Chile	Chile, 150, 2.2% Chile 150 publications, 2.2%
Mexico	Mexico, 118, 1.73% Mexico 118 publications, 1.73%
Belgium	Belgium, 92, 1.35% Belgium 92 publications, 1.35%
Canada	Canada, 90, 1.32% Canada 90 publications, 1.32%
Japan	Japan, 78, 1.14% Japan 78 publications, 1.14%
Colombia	Colombia, 77, 1.13% Colombia 77 publications, 1.13%
Czech Republic	Czech Republic, 69, 1.01% Czech Republic 69 publications, 1.01%
Netherlands	Netherlands, 67, 0.98% Netherlands 67 publications, 0.98%
Sweden	Sweden, 65, 0.95% Sweden 65 publications, 0.95%
Australia	Australia, 64, 0.94% Australia 64 publications, 0.94%
Slovenia	Slovenia, 62, 0.91% Slovenia 62 publications, 0.91%
China	China, 53, 0.78% China 53 publications, 0.78%
Venezuela	Venezuela, 51, 0.75% Venezuela 51 publications, 0.75%
Portugal	Portugal, 46, 0.67% Portugal 46 publications, 0.67%
Austria	Austria, 46, 0.67% Austria 46 publications, 0.67%
Israel	Israel, 45, 0.66% Israel 45 publications, 0.66%
Poland	Poland, 44, 0.64% Poland 44 publications, 0.64%
Denmark	Denmark, 42, 0.62% Denmark 42 publications, 0.62%
Hungary	Hungary, 31, 0.45% Hungary 31 publications, 0.45%
India	India, 29, 0.42% India 29 publications, 0.42%
Romania	Romania, 28, 0.41% Romania 28 publications, 0.41%
	100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
Statistics recalculated daily.
Publications published earlier than 1957 are ignored in the statistics.
The horizontal charts show the 30 top positions.
Journals quartiles values are relevant at the moment.

Science degree

Academy membership

Research interests

Skills