Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries
Marta Kowal
,
Piotr Sorokowski
,
Katarzyna Pisanski
,
Jaroslava V. Valentova
,
Marco A C Varella
,
David A. Frederick
,
Laith Al-Shawaf
,
Felipe E. García
,
Isabella Giammusso
,
Biljana Gjoneska
,
Luca Kozma
,
Tobias Otterbring
,
Marietta Papadatou-Pastou
,
Gerit Pfuhl
,
Sabrina Stöckli
,
Anna Studzinska
,
Ezgi Toplu-Demirtaş
,
Anna K Touloumakos
,
Bence E. Bakos
,
Carlota Batres
,
Solenne Bonneterre
,
Johanna Czamanski-Cohen
,
Jovi C. Dacanay
,
Eliane Deschrijver
,
Maryanne L. Fisher
,
Caterina Grano
,
Pavol Kačmár
,
Mikhail V. Kozlov
,
Efisio Manunta
,
Karlijn Massar
,
Joseph P. McFall
,
Moises Mebarak
,
Maria Rosa Miccoli
,
Taciano L. Milfont
,
Pavol Prokop
,
Toivo Aavik
,
Patrícia Arriaga
,
Roberto Baiocco
,
Jiří Čeněk
,
Hakan Çetinkaya
,
Izzet Duyar
,
Farida Guemaz
,
Tatsunori Ishii
,
Julia A. Kamburidis
,
Hareesol Khun-Inkeeree
,
Linda H Lidborg
,
Hagar Manor
,
Ravit Nussinson
,
Mohd Sofian B. Omar-Fauzee
,
Farid Pazhoohi
,
Koen Ponnet
,
Anabela Caetano Santos
,
Oksana Senyk
,
Ognen Spasovski
,
Mona Vintila
,
Austin H. Wang
,
Gyesook Yoo
,
Oulmann Zerhouni
,
Rizwana Amin
,
Sibele Aquino
,
Merve Boğa
,
Mahmoud Boussena
,
Ali R. Can
,
Seda Can
,
Rita Castro
,
Antonio Chirumbolo
,
Ogeday Çoker
,
Clément Cornec
,
Seda Dural
,
Stephanie J Eder
,
Nasim Ghahraman Moharrampour
,
Simone Grassini
,
Evgeniya Hristova
,
Gözde Ikizer
,
Nicolas Kervyn
,
Mehmet Koyuncu
,
Yoshihiko Kunisato
,
Samuel Lins
,
Tetyana Mandzyk
,
Silvia Mari
,
Alan D. A. Mattiassi
,
Aybegum Memisoglu-Sanli
,
Mara Morelli
,
Felipe C Novaes
,
Miriam Parise
,
Irena Pavela Banai
,
Mariia Perun
,
Nejc Plohl
,
Fatima Zahra Sahli
,
Dušana Šakan
,
Sanja Smojver-Azic
,
Çağlar Solak
,
Sinem Söylemez
,
Asako Toyama
,
Anna Wlodarczyk
,
Yuki Yamada
,
Beatriz Abad-Villaverde
,
Reza Afhami
,
Grace Akello
,
Nael H Alami
,
Leyla Alma
,
Marios Argyrides
,
Derya Atamtürk
,
Nana Burduli
,
Sayra Cardona
,
João Carneiro
,
Andrea Castañeda
,
Izabela Chałatkiewicz
,
William J. Chopik
,
Dimitri Chubinidze
,
Daniel Conroy-Beam
,
Jorge Contreras-Garduño
,
Diana Ribeiro Da Silva
,
Yahya B. Don
,
Silvia Donato
,
Dmitrii Dubrov
,
Michaela Duračková
,
Sanjana Dutt
,
Samuel O Ebimgbo
,
Ignacio Estevan
,
Edgardo Etchezahar
,
PETER FEDOR
,
Feten Fekih-Romdhane
,
Tomasz Frackowiak
,
Katarzyna Galasinska
,
Łukasz Gargula
,
Benjamin Gelbart
,
Talia Gomez Yepes
,
Hamdaoui Brahim
,
Ivana Hromatko
,
Salome N. Itibi
,
Luna Jaforte
,
Steve M. J. Janssen
,
Marija Jovic
,
Kevin S. Kertechian
,
Farah Khan
,
Aleksander Kobylarek
,
Maida Koso-Drljevic
,
Anna Krasnodębska
,
Valerija Križanić
,
Miguel Landa-Blanco
,
Alvaro Mailhos
,
Tiago Marot
,
Tamara Martinac Dorcic
,
Martha Martinez-Banfi
,
Mat Rahimi Yusof
,
Marlon Mayorga-Lascano
,
Vita Mikuličiūtė
,
Katarina Mišetić
,
Bojan Musil
,
Arooj Najmussaqib
,
Kavitha Nalla Muthu
,
Jean C Natividade
,
Izuchukwu L. G. Ndukaihe
,
Ellen K Nyhus
,
Elisabeth Oberzaucher
,
Salma S Omar
,
Franciszek Ostaszewski
,
Ma. Criselda T. Pacquing
,
Ariela F Pagani
,
Ju Hee Park
,
Ekaterine Pirtskhalava
,
Ulf-Dietrich Reips
,
Marc Eric S. Reyes
,
Jan P. Röer
,
Ayşegül Şahin
,
Adil Samekin
,
Rūta Sargautytė
,
Tatiana Semenovskikh
,
Henrik Siepelmeyer
,
Sangeeta Singh
,
Alicja Sołtys
,
Agnieszka Sorokowska
,
Rodrigo Soto-López
,
Liliya Sultanova
,
William Tamayo-Agudelo
,
Chee-Seng Tan
,
Gulmira T. Topanova
,
Merve Topcu Bulut
,
Bastien Trémolière
,
Singha Tulyakul
,
Belgüzar N. Türkan
,
Arkadiusz Urbanek
,
Tatiana Volkodav
,
Kathryn V Walter
,
Mohd Faiz Mohd Yaakob
,
Marcos Zumárraga-Espinosa
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2022-11-01
scimago Q1
wos Q1
SJR: 1.355
CiteScore: 5.8
Impact factor: 3.2
ISSN: 10905138, 18790607
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
Abstract
People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives.
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Total citations:
32
Citations from 2024:
21
(65.63%)
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Kowal M. et al. Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries // Evolution and Human Behavior. 2022. Vol. 43. No. 6. pp. 455-474.
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Kowal M. et al. Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries // Evolution and Human Behavior. 2022. Vol. 43. No. 6. pp. 455-474.
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@article{2022_Kowal,
author = {Marta Kowal and Piotr Sorokowski and Katarzyna Pisanski and Jaroslava V. Valentova and Marco A C Varella and David A. Frederick and Laith Al-Shawaf and Felipe E. García and Isabella Giammusso and Biljana Gjoneska and Luca Kozma and Tobias Otterbring and Marietta Papadatou-Pastou and Gerit Pfuhl and Sabrina Stöckli and Anna Studzinska and Ezgi Toplu-Demirtaş and Anna K Touloumakos and Bence E. Bakos and Carlota Batres and Solenne Bonneterre and Johanna Czamanski-Cohen and Jovi C. Dacanay and Eliane Deschrijver and Maryanne L. Fisher and Caterina Grano and Dmitry Grigoryev and Pavol Kačmár and Mikhail V. Kozlov and Efisio Manunta and Karlijn Massar and Joseph P. McFall and Moises Mebarak and Maria Rosa Miccoli and Taciano L. Milfont and Pavol Prokop and Toivo Aavik and Patrícia Arriaga and Roberto Baiocco and Jiří Čeněk and Hakan Çetinkaya and Izzet Duyar and Farida Guemaz and Tatsunori Ishii and Julia A. Kamburidis and Hareesol Khun-Inkeeree and Linda H Lidborg and Hagar Manor and Ravit Nussinson and Mohd Sofian B. Omar-Fauzee and others},
title = {Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries},
journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
year = {2022},
volume = {43},
publisher = {Elsevier},
month = {nov},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.003},
number = {6},
pages = {455--474},
doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.003}
}
Cite this
MLA
Copy
Kowal, Marta, et al. “Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries.” Evolution and Human Behavior, vol. 43, no. 6, Nov. 2022, pp. 455-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.003.
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