Chromatographic techniques: types, principles, and applications

Chromatography is regarded as one of the most significant bioanalytical techniques used in different branches of life sciences and chemistry. It allows the separation, identification, and purification of the compounds of diverse origin, class, and nature from a complex mixture qualitatively and quantitatively. The separation of a compound with desired shape, size, charge, and groups can be carried out based on its capacity in terms of its binding specificity. The ubiquitous nature of its use in separation science has made it one of the versatile techniques with many variants that are efficiently used in laboratory and industrial scale for the purpose of separation. In this chapter, a brief discussion was made on the different chromatographic techniques based on their bed shape, different phases, separation mechanism, principle, procedure, and application. Emphasis was also laid on some specialized techniques that provide a new dimension to chromatography.