Organometallic chemistry in the solid state

Synthesis and reactivity studies in organometallic chemistry have traditionally been carried out in the solution (non-aqueous) phase while equivalent studies in the solid state has been little explored. This review attempts to summarise what is known about solid state organometallic chemistry with particular emphasis on the synthetic utility of this area of chemistry. The review focuses on the two types of reactions that constitute this area of chemistry. These are (i) reactions at a surface ∣ molecule interface and (ii) reactions between molecules (identical, different) in amorphous or crystalline materials. As will be seen, numerous solid state reactions that give close to 100% yields and complete conversion between isomers are known. In some instances yields exceed those available by solution routes. Reactions can also give products different to those found in solution. Developments in the related fields of solid state synthetic organic and coordination chemistry (topotactic principle, recaction cavity, phase reconstruction) will be described and the connection between surface supported synthesis and heterogeneous catalysis will be mentioned.