Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

, том 125 , издание 23

Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes

J. W. Belz ¹

Paul R. Krehbiel ²

J. REMINGTON ¹

MARK STANLEY ²

R. U. Abbasi ³

R Levon ¹

W Rison ²

D. Rodeheffer ²

T. Abu-Zayyad ¹

M. ALLEN ¹

E. BARCIKOWSKI ¹

D. R. Bergman ¹

S. A. BLAKE ¹

M. Byrne ¹

R. CADY ¹

B. G. CHEON ⁴

M. CHIKAWA ⁵

A. DI MATTEO ^{6, 7}

T. Fujii ⁸

K. Fujita ⁹

R. FUJIWARA ⁹

M. FUkUSHIMA ^{10, 11}

G. FURLICH ¹

W. HANLON ¹

M. Hayashi ¹²

Y. Hayashi ⁹

N. HAYASHIDA ¹³

K. Hibino ¹³

K. HONDA ¹⁴

D. IKEDA ¹⁴

T. Inadomi ¹⁵

N. INOUE ¹⁶

T. Ishii ¹⁴

H. Ito ¹⁷

D. Ivanov ¹

H. Iwakura ¹⁵

H. M. Jeong ¹⁸

S. Jeong ¹⁸

C. C. H. Jui ¹

K. KADOTA ¹⁹

F. KAKIMOTO ²⁰

O. Kalashev ²¹

K. KASAHARA ²²

S. Kasami ²³

H. Kawai ²⁴

S. Kawakami ⁹

K. Kawata ¹⁰

E. Kido ¹⁰

H. B. Kim ⁴

J H Kim ¹

J H Kim ⁹

V. KUZMIN ²¹

M. K. Kuznetsov ^{6, 21}

M. Kuznetsov ^{6, 21}

Y. J. Kwon ²⁵

K H Lee ¹⁸

B. LUBSANDORZHIEV ²¹

J. P. LUNDQUIST ¹

K Machida ¹⁴

H. Matsumiya ⁹

J. N. MATTHEWS ¹

T Matuyama ⁹

R. MAYTA ⁹

M. MINAMINO ⁹

K. Mukai ¹⁴

I. MYERS ¹

S. Nagataki ¹⁷

K. Nakai ⁹

R. Nakamura ¹⁵

T. Nakamura ²⁶

Y. Nakamura ¹⁵

Y Nakamura ¹⁵

T. NONAKA ¹⁰

H. Oda ⁹

S. Ogio ^{9, 27}

M. OHNISHI ¹⁰

H. OHOKA ¹⁰

Y. Oku ²³

T. Okuda ²⁸

Y. Omura ⁹

Masaomi Ono ¹⁷

M. Ono ¹⁷

A. OSHIMA ²⁹

S. OZAWA ²²

I. H. PARK ¹⁸

M Potts ¹

M. S. PSHIRKOV ^{21, 30}

D. C. RODRIGUEZ ¹

G. Rubtsov ²¹

D. RYU ³¹

H. Sagawa ¹⁰

R. SAHARA ⁹

K. SAITO ¹⁰

Y. Saito ¹⁵

N. SAKAKI ¹⁰

T. SAKO ¹⁰

N. SAKURAI ⁹

Kei Sano ¹⁵

K. Sano ¹⁵

T. Seki ¹⁵

K. SEKINO ⁹

F. SHIBATA ¹⁴

T Shibata ¹⁰

H. SHIMODAIRA ¹⁰

B. K. SHIN ⁹

H. S. Shin ¹⁰

J. D. Smith ¹

Pierre Sokolsky ¹

P. Sokolsky ¹

N. Sone ¹⁵

B. T. Stokes ¹

T. A. STROMAN ¹

Y. Takagi ⁹

Y. TAKAHASHI ⁹

M. Takeda ¹⁰

R. TAKEISHI ¹⁸

A. TAKETA ³²

M. TAKITA ¹⁰

Y. Tameda ²³

K Tanaka ³³

Masayuki Tanaka ³⁴

Y. TANOUE ⁹

S. B. Thomas ¹

G. B. THOMSON ¹

P. TINYAKOV ^{6, 21}

I. Tkachev ²¹

H. Tokuno ²⁰

T. TOMIDA ¹⁵

S. Troitsky ²¹

Y. TSUNESADA ^{9, 27}

Y. UCHIHORI ³⁵

S. UDO ¹³

T. Uehama ¹⁵

F. URBAN ³⁶

M Wallace ¹

T. Wong ¹

M. Yamamoto ¹⁵

H. Yamaoka ³⁴

K. Yamazaki ²⁹

K. Yashiro ³⁷

M. Yosei ²³

H. YOSHII ³⁸

Y. ZHEZHER ^{10, 21}

Z. ZUNDEL ¹

Скрыть аффилиации авторов Показать аффилиации авторов: 38 аффилиаций

Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA |

Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology SocorroNM USA |

Department of Physics Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA |

⁴

Department of Physics and The Research Institute of Natural Science Hanyang University Seoul Korea |

⁵

Department of Physics Kindai University Osaka Japan |

⁶

Service de Physique Théorique Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium |

⁷

INFN, sezione di Torino Turin Italy |

⁸

The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa‐Oiwakecho Kyoto Japan |

⁹

Graduate School of Science Osaka City University Osaka Japan |

¹⁰

Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan |

¹¹

Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI) University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan |

¹²

Information Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Shinshu University Nagano Japan |

¹³

Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Yokohama Japan |

¹⁴

Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan |

¹⁵

Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Japan |

¹⁶

The Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan |

¹⁷

Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory, RIKEN Wako Japan |

¹⁸

Department of Physics Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea |

¹⁹

Department of Physics Tokyo City University Tokyo Japan |

²⁰

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan |

²¹

Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia |

²²

Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan |

²³

Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering Osaka Electro‐Communication University Neyagawa‐shi Japan |

²⁴

Department of Physics Chiba University Chiba Japan |

²⁵

Department of Physics Yonsei University Seoul Korea |

²⁶

Faculty of Science Kochi University Kochi Japan |

²⁷

Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Osaka City University Osaka Japan |

²⁸

Department of Physical Sciences Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan |

²⁹

Engineering Science Laboratory Chubu University Kasugai Japan |

³⁰

Sternberg Astronomical Institute Moscow M.V. Lomonosov State University Moscow Russia |

³¹

Department of Physics Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST‐gil Ulsan Korea |

³²

Earthquake Research Institute University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan |

³³

Graduate School of Information Sciences Hiroshima City University Hiroshima Japan |

³⁴

Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK Tsukuba Japan |

³⁵

National Institute of Radiological Science Chiba Japan |

³⁶

Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences CEICO Prague Czech Republic |

³⁷

Department of Physics Tokyo University of Science Noda Japan |

³⁸

Department of Physics Ehime University Matsuyama Japan |

Тип публикации: Journal Article

Дата публикации: 2020-10-05

American Geophysical Union

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

scimago Q1

wos Q2

БС1

SJR: 1.545

CiteScore: 6.7

Impact factor: 3.4

ISSN: 2169897X, 21698996

DOI: 10.1029/2019jd031940

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Space and Planetary Science

Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)

Atmospheric Science

Geophysics

Краткое описание

In this paper we report the first close, high-resolution observations of downward-directed terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) detected by the large-area Telescope Array cosmic ray observatory, obtained in conjunction with broadband VHF interferometer and fast electric field change measurements of the parent discharge. The results show that the TGFs occur during strong initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) in the first few milliseconds of negative cloud-to-ground and low-altitude intracloud flashes, and that the IBPs are produced by a newly-identified streamer-based discharge process called fast negative breakdown. The observations indicate the relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREAs) responsible for producing the TGFs are initiated by embedded spark-like transient conducting events (TCEs) within the fast streamer system, and potentially also by individual fast streamers themselves. The TCEs are inferred to be the cause of impulsive sub-pulses that are characteristic features of classic IBP sferics. Additional development of the avalanches would be facilitated by the enhanced electric field ahead of the advancing front of the fast negative breakdown. In addition to showing the nature of IBPs and their enigmatic sub-pulses, the observations also provide a possible explanation for the unsolved question of how the streamer to leader transition occurs during the initial negative breakdown, namely as a result of strong currents flowing in the final stage of successive IBPs, extending backward through both the IBP itself and the negative streamer breakdown preceding the IBP.

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Belz J. W. et al. Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes // Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 2020. Vol. 125. No. 23.

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Belz J. W. et al. Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes // Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 2020. Vol. 125. No. 23.

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@article{2020_Belz,

author = {J. W. Belz and Paul R. Krehbiel and J. REMINGTON and MARK STANLEY and R. U. Abbasi and R Levon and W Rison and D. Rodeheffer and T. Abu-Zayyad and M. ALLEN and E. BARCIKOWSKI and D. R. Bergman and S. A. BLAKE and M. Byrne and R. CADY and B. G. CHEON and M. CHIKAWA and A. DI MATTEO and T. Fujii and K. Fujita and R. FUJIWARA and M. FUkUSHIMA and G. FURLICH and W. HANLON and M. Hayashi and Y. Hayashi and N. HAYASHIDA and K. Hibino and K. HONDA and D. IKEDA and T. Inadomi and N. INOUE and T. Ishii and H. Ito and D. Ivanov and H. Iwakura and H. M. Jeong and S. Jeong and C. C. H. Jui and K. KADOTA and F. KAKIMOTO and O. Kalashev and K. KASAHARA and S. Kasami and H. Kawai and S. Kawakami and K. Kawata and E. Kido and H. B. Kim and J H Kim and others},

title = {Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes},

journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres},

year = {2020},

volume = {125},

publisher = {American Geophysical Union},

month = {oct},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd031940},

number = {23},

doi = {10.1029/2019jd031940}

}

Издатель

American Geophysical Union

Журнал

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

scimago Q1

wos Q2

БС1

SJR

1.545

CiteScore

6.7

Impact factor

3.4

ISSN

2169897X

21698996 (Electronic)

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