A Microfluidic and Numerical Analysis of Non-equilibrium Phase Behavior of Gas Condensates

Conventional assumptions about multiphase flow in gas condensate reservoirs often do not correlate with field production. This discrepancy stems from the various mechanisms influencing the multiphase process, which are inadequately represented in numerical models. One of the least understood mechanisms is the influence of the non-equilibrium thermodynamics on the flow in the wellbore region, where the reservoir pressure is below the dew point pressure. To address this problem, experimental and mathematical analyses were conducted using a microfluidic device designed to replicate the flow dynamics in a gas condensate system. The experimental results showed an 11% deviation from the initial pressure of condensate saturation when compared with the conventional assumption of local equilibrium in numerical models. Similarly, there is a 14% deviation between the experimental and simulated volumes of the condensate. These findings underscore the inadequacy of existing models to accurately predict the saturation profile of the condensate phase. A mathematical model based on a relaxation parameter was applied to account for non-equilibrium phase separation and the fog state of the aerosol as observed in the microfluidic experiment. Incorporating a relaxation parameter ($$\tau$$ τ ) enhanced the accuracy of the prediction of the initial pressure of the condensate saturation and an improvement in the prediction of the condensate volumes from 76% to 97.2%. Consequently, it provides a valuable framework and insight on the non-equilibrium phase behavior of gas condensate systems under constant flow regimes.