Open Access
The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue
Żaneta Ciosek
1
,
Karolina Kot
2
,
Danuta Kosik Bogacka
3
,
Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk
2
,
Iwona Rotter
1
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2021-03-28
PubMed ID:
33800689
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Abstract
Bones are metabolically active organs. Their reconstruction is crucial for the proper functioning of the skeletal system during bone growth and remodeling, fracture healing, and maintaining calcium–phosphorus homeostasis. The bone metabolism and tissue properties are influenced by trace elements that may act either indirectly through the regulation of macromineral metabolism, or directly by affecting osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation or activity, or through becoming part of the bone mineral matrix. This study analyzes the skeletal impact of macroelements (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus), microelements (fluorine), and heavy metals (lead), and discusses the concentration of each of these elements in the various bone tissues.
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Metrics
273
Total citations:
273
Citations from 2025:
105
(38.46%)
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GOST
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Ciosek Ż. et al. The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue // Biomolecules. 2021. Vol. 11. No. 4. p. 506.
GOST all authors (up to 50)
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Ciosek Ż., Kot K., Kosik Bogacka D., Łanocha-Arendarczyk N., Rotter I. The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue // Biomolecules. 2021. Vol. 11. No. 4. p. 506.
Cite this
RIS
Copy
TY - JOUR
DO - 10.3390/biom11040506
UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040506
TI - The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue
T2 - Biomolecules
AU - Ciosek, Żaneta
AU - Kot, Karolina
AU - Kosik Bogacka, Danuta
AU - Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia
AU - Rotter, Iwona
PY - 2021
DA - 2021/03/28
PB - MDPI
SP - 506
IS - 4
VL - 11
PMID - 33800689
SN - 2218-273X
ER -
Cite this
BibTex (up to 50 authors)
Copy
@article{2021_Ciosek,
author = {Żaneta Ciosek and Karolina Kot and Danuta Kosik Bogacka and Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk and Iwona Rotter},
title = {The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue},
journal = {Biomolecules},
year = {2021},
volume = {11},
publisher = {MDPI},
month = {mar},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040506},
number = {4},
pages = {506},
doi = {10.3390/biom11040506}
}
Cite this
MLA
Copy
Ciosek, Żaneta, et al. “The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue.” Biomolecules, vol. 11, no. 4, Mar. 2021, p. 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040506.