Advances in Phenazines over the Past Decade: Review of Their Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action, Biosynthetic Pathways and Synthetic Strategies
Phenazines are a large group of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, providing diverse chemical structures and various biological activities. Natural phenazines are mainly isolated from marine and terrestrial microorganisms. So far, more than 100 different natural compounds and over 6000 synthetic derivatives have been found and investigated. Many phenazines show great pharmacological activity in various fields, such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Researchers continued to investigate these compounds and hope to develop them as medicines. Cimmino et al. published a significant review about anticancer activity of phenazines, containing articles from 2000 to 2011. Here, we mainly summarize articles from 2012 to 2021. According to sources of compounds, phenazines were categorized into natural phenazines and synthetic phenazine derivatives in this review. Their pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, biosynthetic pathways and synthetic strategies were summarized. These may provide guidance for the investigation on phenazines in the future.
Top-30
Journals
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Molecules
3 publications, 4.55%
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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
3 publications, 4.55%
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Organic Letters
3 publications, 4.55%
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Journal of Organic Chemistry
2 publications, 3.03%
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Microbiology spectrum
2 publications, 3.03%
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Journal of Natural Products
2 publications, 3.03%
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World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
2 publications, 3.03%
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RSC Advances
2 publications, 3.03%
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PLoS ONE
2 publications, 3.03%
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Natural Product Reports
1 publication, 1.52%
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Acta Tropica
1 publication, 1.52%
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Molecular Biotechnology
1 publication, 1.52%
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Helvetica Chimica Acta
1 publication, 1.52%
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ACS Omega
1 publication, 1.52%
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Chemosphere
1 publication, 1.52%
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Biological Series
1 publication, 1.52%
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New Journal of Chemistry
1 publication, 1.52%
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Frontiers in Pharmacology
1 publication, 1.52%
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BMC Genomics
1 publication, 1.52%
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Research in Microbiology
1 publication, 1.52%
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering
1 publication, 1.52%
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Marine Drugs
1 publication, 1.52%
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Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology
1 publication, 1.52%
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Antibiotics
1 publication, 1.52%
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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
1 publication, 1.52%
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Russian Chemical Reviews
1 publication, 1.52%
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ACS Synthetic Biology
1 publication, 1.52%
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Microbiological Research
1 publication, 1.52%
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Scientific Reports
1 publication, 1.52%
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Publishers
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American Chemical Society (ACS)
13 publications, 19.7%
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Elsevier
10 publications, 15.15%
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Springer Nature
9 publications, 13.64%
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MDPI
8 publications, 12.12%
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Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
6 publications, 9.09%
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American Society for Microbiology
4 publications, 6.06%
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Wiley
4 publications, 6.06%
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2 publications, 3.03%
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Publishing House Belorusskaya Nauka
1 publication, 1.52%
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IntechOpen
1 publication, 1.52%
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Frontiers Media S.A.
1 publication, 1.52%
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Allerton Press
1 publication, 1.52%
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Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii
1 publication, 1.52%
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Media Sphere Publishing House
1 publication, 1.52%
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Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
1 publication, 1.52%
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Cardiology Research Institute
1 publication, 1.52%
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Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
1 publication, 1.52%
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- We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
- Statistics recalculated weekly.