Handbook of Research on Securing Cloud-Based Databases with Biometric Applications

YU Jiang

Subject. The article addresses the concept of strategic understanding and design of organizational structure that have a significant impact on human resource management. Objectives. The study aims to explore tools for analyzing and evaluating the internal structure of organizations and their impact on the dynamics of corporate development. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods. Results. I considered the adaptation of organizational forms to the conditions imposed by modern market trends, which contributes to the development of a strategic model of human resource management; analyzed theoretical foundations and specific applied methods used in Chinese business structures to optimize the personnel component and increase the effectiveness of work processes. Furthermore, the paper discusses the importance of using current technical solutions for information analysis, in particular, cloud technologies and systems based on artificial intelligence, and offers measures to develop flexible, highly adaptive human resource management systems aimed at sustainable growth and competitive advantage of organizations. Conclusions. The proposed recommendations are focused on the implementation of an integrated method of personnel management. The planned management of human resources is a key tool for ensuring sustainable growth, competitiveness, and long-term success of the company against a backdrop of global transformations.

RATNER S.V., ARUTYUNYAN M.V.

Subject. The study deals with formation of effective circular business models in trade. Objectives. The aim is to overview the existing circular business models in the retail sector, identify barriers to their implementation and efficiency factors. Methods. The study draws on the multiple case study method. The information base was research and surveys by Deloitte consulting company, official websites and reports on sustainable development of trading companies. Results. We established that the transition to cyclical models poses a number of problems for the retail business. They relate to both the actual measures and their budgeting. To identify processes and costs, it is necessary to determine the best cyclical business model, develop a follow–up business plan, and mobilize teams to move towards the goal and set benchmarks. We offered an algorithm to decide on the most appropriate circular business model in retail, depending on the price category of goods, duration of their life cycle provided by the manufacturer, and available infrastructure and labor resources. Conclusions. The developed algorithm can help companies in the retail sector to make the process of transition to circular models less costly and more efficient.

EPIFANOVA N.S.

Subject. The article discusses the development of China's urban system. Objectives. The purpose is to assess China's urban system based on empirical verification of its compliance with the Zipf rule. Methods. The study employs economic and statistical methods of research of regional economy and urban development, methods of synthesis, analysis, and generalization. Results. The empirical assessment of the applicability of the Zipf rule to the Chinese economy demonstrated that the size of Chinese cities follow the Pareto distribution, while the shape parameter (the Pareto index) obtained as a result of evaluating the regression equations, which reflects the uniformity of distribution of urban population in space, is equal to one. This indicates a high degree of balance of agglomeration processes in China, as well as the balance of the national urban systems from the point of view of the distribution of human resources in space. Conclusions. The measures implemented by the Chinese government to promote urbanization are aimed not only at administrative reform and infrastructure development, but also act as important strategies for long-term economic growth and social progress. The findings indirectly confirm the fact that the use of planned economic development tools does not have a distorting effect on the functioning of market mechanisms in practice.

KOTOVA O.V., KURDYUMOV A.V., VOROTILOVA O.A., EZANGINA I.A., NOVIKOVA N.Y., KRIVOROTOVA S.A.

Subject. The article addresses the systems analysis of credit risks associated with financial activities of enterprises operating in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. Objectives. The purpose is to define methodological approaches to the analysis and assessment of credit risks of enterprises of agro-industrial complex in Russia. Methods. The study employs systems analysis, graphical and comparative analysis. Results. We applied a variable approach to assessing the credit risk of a corporate borrower – an enterprise of the agroindustrial complex. The proposed approach enables to predict with high confidence the probability of financial insolvency in the borrower's activities. Furthermore, we considered a variable approach to credit risk assessment, using corrective risk factors. The paper discloses the role of corporate underwriting in the credit risk assessment process. Conclusions. The considered methodology for assessing credit risks based on internal ratings can be applied to enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, which will reduce the risk of losses in this important area of ensuring the country’s food security.

SMIRNOV V.V.

Subject. The article discusses depreciation of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in Russia in the context of the dynamics of financial markets and the Bank of Russia instruments. Objectives. The study aims to determine the parameters of monetary transmission in modern Russia. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods, like analysis and synthesis of data, and special economic and mathematical methods, primarily, correlation and regression analysis. Results. The paper showed changes in the funds of credit institutions in deposit accounts with the Bank of Russia and in the "Overnight Standing Deposits" to "One-Week Deposit Auctions" ratio. It revealed a critical reduction of the maximum amplitude of the growth rate of the federal bond market, with its overall growth. Furthermore, it unveiled loss of dominance of debt securities issued in the domestic market at market value plus quoted shares of Russian issuers traded in the domestic market, over the money supply. Conclusions. The revealed parameters of monetary transmission indicate to the expert community the extent of deterioration of the monetary policy transmission mechanism.

AVER'YANOV A.O.

Subject. The article explores organizational, managerial, and economic relations that arise when strategizing the development of artificial intelligence. Objectives. The purpose is to develop a methodology for strategic monitoring of the Russian artificial intelligence sector. Methods. The study rests on the theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing by V.L. Kvint, a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Artificial intelligence is considered as a breakthrough technology, i.e. an innovation embodied in the form of a technology or product that can significantly improve existing technologies and create new ones. It changes existing markets and shapes new ones, affecting the economy and society both on the national and global scale. Results. I formulated a theoretical justification and designed three methods that determine the basis of methodology for strategic monitoring of artificial intelligence development. The paper describes these methods, gives examples of their application in other studies with my participation. Conclusions. The proposed methodology forms the theoretical basis for monitoring the implementation of strategic documents in the field of innovation, which, in turn, contributes to effective development of the innovative economy of Russia.

KULAI S.V., SHVAKOV E.E.

Subject. The study deals with forecasting the probability of bankruptcy for coal enterprises, represented by two variants of mathematical models: the MDA model and the logit model. Objectives. The aim is to develop a methodology for predicting the probability of bankruptcy based on data from Russian coal industry enterprises for 2014–2022. Methods. The study employs the coefficient method, correlation analysis, k-means method, cluster and factor analysis, MDA and logit models. Results. The development of models included several stages: formation of a basic system of financial coefficients; creation of a sample including two classes of coal enterprises (bankrupt/liquidation stage and operating), calculation of financial coefficients based on financial statements of organizations; correlation analysis to exclude multicollinear indicators; factor analysis to reduce the number of variables; model development and interpretation. As a result, we devised two bankruptcy assessment models (the MDA model and the logit model), with high quality indicators, based on the modern initial base of financial coefficients of Russian coal industry enterprises. Conclusions. The offered models are able to predict the bankruptcy of coal enterprises in the short term (two years) with forecast accuracy of up to 90% or more.

BULGAKOVA I.N., ADRAKHOVSKAYA L.L.

Subject. The article addresses mechanisms of interaction between enterprises of the military-industrial complex belonging to various State corporations, leading holdings, and the civil sector companies. Objectives. The study aims to develop theoretical foundations and practical recommendations to improve the process of integrated interaction between enterprises of the military-industrial complex and companies of the civil sector. Methods. We employ the systems approach, synthesis, methods of comparison, analogies, generalization, and classification. Results. The study enables to draw scientifically sound conclusions about the use of various methods and models for comprehensive solution of economic and organizational problems in the field of coevolutionary development of organizations of the military-industrial complex and companies of the civil sector. The analysis of trends in the integration of the military-industrial complex enterprises revealed that its forms and criteria changed significantly. State-owned corporations and leading defense industry holdings are forced to move from rigid vertical integration to alliances and clusters that combine elements of competition and cooperation. The current challenges faced by enterprises in this industry require non-standard management approaches, especially in the case of combining military and civil production projects. Conclusions. The findings will allow for sound management of the processes of ensuring the performance of dual-purpose clusters based on the goals and priorities of a specific stage of the integration process.

YAKIMOVA V.A., KHMURA S.V.

Subject. The article considers digital gaps formed as imbalances between the production and consumption of digital technologies in the region, their assessment, using the digital economy of Russia and China cases. Objectives. The study aims at the comparative analysis of the digital economy of Russia and China by the degree of regional differentiation, and the search for causes of differences between regions, patterns of production and consumption, and digital gaps. Methods. We employed grouping, construction of scattering diagrams, and statistical indicators to assess differentiation – standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and variation. Methods of calculating the average group values were used to identify the main factors influencing the spatial distribution. Results. The study identified the poles of digital development. The results obtained indicate the digital economy differentiation, differences in regions in terms of concentration of digital production and consumption. The analysis enabled to group regions into eight groups based on two criteria, i.e. the level of the digital economy development and the size of digital gaps. Conclusions. The study showed that the digital economy is developed in regions with a high level of GRP due to the sufficiency of investments and highly qualified personnel in the region and business demand for digital technologies. Digital gaps between regions are observed due to geographical, historical and economic prerequisites. The paper revealed that in China, provinces with a balanced structure of the digital economy have a higher level of economic development, population density, and standard of living.

IGNATOVA I.O.

Subject. The article discusses the essence of internal assurance of non-financial or integrated reporting and its role in the process of generating corporate reports containing non-financial data. Objectives. The aim is to consider the evolution of corporate reporting of organizations; analyze the role of structural unit of the company engaged in internal assurance, preparation of non-financial statements, and ensuring their proper quality; review the impact of performance of the department responsible for internal assurance of non-financial statements on procedure for its independent verification by external auditors. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods, like systematization, detailing, generalization, induction, deduction, description. Results. The paper disclosed factors that led to the modernization of corporate reporting of enterprises, determined the ways to guarantee the proper quality of information disclosed in non-financial reports, identified functions of company's structural unit engaged in internal assurance and systematized them, considered the essence of the three-line model developed by the Institute of Internal Auditors. Conclusions. The effective work of structural unit engaged in internal assurance of non-financial or integrated reporting enables external auditors to use the results of its activities, which optimizes the process of external assurance of non-financial statements.

SEKERIN V.D., GOROKHOVA A.E., PETROVA O.V.

Subject. The article discusses the creation of innovative universities. Objectives. The study aims to form an econometric model of innovative university. Methods. The evolution of university models and systematization of the types of organization of research activities of universities are obtained by the method of abstract modeling. The econometric model of innovative university is obtained by the method of economic and mathematical modeling. Results. The study underpins the economic substance of the innovative university model, offers a conceptual model to classify the types of organization of scientific activities of universities, based on two criteria: the share of extra-budgetary income in the total income from scientific activities, the income from scientific activities per employee. Conclusions. The advantages of the proposed classification are the reflection of the essence of various university models, including a promising model, i.e. the model of innovative university, as well as informativity, visibility, simplicity.

ZENKINA I.V.

Subject. The article investigates areas of knowledge and tasks of business analysis related to analytical work with requirements, their role in analytical support for management of changes and achieving business efficiency. Objectives. The purpose is to explore the content of business analysis knowledge areas, covering the identification of requirements and interaction, management of requirement life cycle, analysis of requirements and identification of solutions, specifying their tasks in accordance with the international standard of business analysis, as well as their impact on the results of analytical substantiation of management decisions and their implementation. Methods. The study rests on general scientific research methods, like analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization. Results. Based on the comprehensive study of the volume of analytical work with requirements determined by the standardization of business analysis at the international level, the paper disclosed the main content, relevant tools, and key stakeholders in relation to each of the corresponding tasks. It also underpinned the formation of requirements analysis as a fundamental direction of business analysis and effective tool for ensuring business efficiency. Conclusions. The findings will contribute to improving the analytical support for change management of organizations, the quality of justification and implementation of developed solutions, help achieve maximum satisfaction of stakeholders and fulfillment of organization's goals.

VASIL'EVA Z.A., FILIMONENKO I.V., BAGDASAR'YAN I.S., MOSKVINA A.V., MIKHAILOVA S.V.

Subject. The article addresses high-tech economic sectors offering innovative technological solutions to meet customer needs, and contributing to structural restructuring of the regional economy and changing the system of global markets. Objectives. The aim is to develop a methodology for building a portfolio of high-tech products in the region, based on a balance of internal and external investment demand and resource capabilities of regional producers, to ensure the transformation of the economic structure, competitive growth, and sustainable development. Methods. The study rests on models of multisectoral development, assessment of structural shifts, strategic positioning, competitiveness of high-tech sectors of the economy. It also employs criteria and conditions for high-tech product portfolio formation in the region according to priorities (higher, medium, lower). Results. The paper offers a model of high-tech competitive product portfolio of the region for internal and external investment demand development, presents stages of assessing changes in sectoral value added indicators and the region’s economic structure. Conclusions. The scientific and practical significance of the findings is in the possibility of using the methodological approach as a decision-making tool to improve sectoral, industrial, and innovation policies when implementing strategic directions for region’s development.

MOLCHANOVA E.V.

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MEL'NIKOV V.V.

Subject. The article addresses socio-economic inequality in the regions of the Russian Federation. Objectives. The focus is on the analysis of current trends and factors of socio-economic inequality in Russian regions. Methods. The study employs comparative analysis, graphical method, least squares method using panel data. Results. The level of economic and social inequality in federal districts is influenced by various factors. For instance, in the Central Federal District, this is migration growth, density of public hard-surface roads, and the volume of investments. In the Northwestern Federal District, economic inequality is stimulated by migration growth, possibility to purchase real estate, density of public hard-surface roads, migration growth, healthcare system and transport infrastructure development. In the Southern Federal District, economic inequality is influenced by demographic burden coefficient, the volume of investments, healthcare and transport infrastructure development, the climate factor, etc. Conclusions. Richer regions have high levels of inequality, which confirms the idea of entrepreneurial opportunities. To reduce interregional differentiation, it is advisable to identify a number of areas: economic measures, labor market regulation, ensuring access to high-quality and free medical care, and housing affordability.