European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Are you a researcher?

Create a profile to get free access to personal recommendations for colleagues and new articles.

Short name

ESRF

Country, city

France, Grenoble

02550n020

Organization website

Publications

17 397

Citations

583 867

h-index

239

Top-3 journals

Physical Review B (1581 publications)

Physical Review Letters (619 publications)

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (474 publications)

Top-3 organizations

Grenoble Alpes University (1531 publications)

Sorbonne University (780 publications)

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (709 publications)

Top-3 foreign organizations

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (709 publications)

Paul Scherrer Institute (544 publications)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (417 publications)

Most cited in 5 years

Found

Publication title

Publisher

Journal

Countries

Found

Since 1986

Total publications

17397

Total citations

583867

Citations per publication

33.56

Average publications per year

424.32

Average authors per publication

8.22

h-index

239

Metrics description

h-index

A scientist has an h-index if h of his N publications are cited at least h times each, while the remaining (N - h) publications are cited no more than h times each.

https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0507655102

Top-30

Fields of science

	500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Condensed Matter Physics	Condensed Matter Physics, 3813, 21.92% Condensed Matter Physics 3813 publications, 21.92%
Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 2342, 13.46% Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials 2342 publications, 13.46%
General Materials Science	General Materials Science, 2295, 13.19% General Materials Science 2295 publications, 13.19%
General Physics and Astronomy	General Physics and Astronomy, 2117, 12.17% General Physics and Astronomy 2117 publications, 12.17%
General Chemistry	General Chemistry, 1947, 11.19% General Chemistry 1947 publications, 11.19%
Materials Chemistry	Materials Chemistry, 1440, 8.28% Materials Chemistry 1440 publications, 8.28%
Instrumentation	Instrumentation, 1362, 7.83% Instrumentation 1362 publications, 7.83%
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry	Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 1344, 7.73% Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 1344 publications, 7.73%
Nuclear and High Energy Physics	Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 1081, 6.21% Nuclear and High Energy Physics 1081 publications, 6.21%
Mechanics of Materials	Mechanics of Materials, 846, 4.86% Mechanics of Materials 846 publications, 4.86%
Mechanical Engineering	Mechanical Engineering, 844, 4.85% Mechanical Engineering 844 publications, 4.85%
Surfaces, Coatings and Films	Surfaces, Coatings and Films, 786, 4.52% Surfaces, Coatings and Films 786 publications, 4.52%
Metals and Alloys	Metals and Alloys, 691, 3.97% Metals and Alloys 691 publications, 3.97%
Radiation	Radiation, 657, 3.78% Radiation 657 publications, 3.78%
Inorganic Chemistry	Inorganic Chemistry, 646, 3.71% Inorganic Chemistry 646 publications, 3.71%
Catalysis	Catalysis, 642, 3.69% Catalysis 642 publications, 3.69%
Multidisciplinary	Multidisciplinary, 635, 3.65% Multidisciplinary 635 publications, 3.65%
General Medicine	General Medicine, 615, 3.54% General Medicine 615 publications, 3.54%
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 602, 3.46% Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics 602 publications, 3.46%
Biochemistry	Biochemistry, 590, 3.39% Biochemistry 590 publications, 3.39%
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 571, 3.28% General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 571 publications, 3.28%
Electrical and Electronic Engineering	Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 531, 3.05% Electrical and Electronic Engineering 531 publications, 3.05%
Polymers and Plastics	Polymers and Plastics, 474, 2.72% Polymers and Plastics 474 publications, 2.72%
Ceramics and Composites	Ceramics and Composites, 458, 2.63% Ceramics and Composites 458 publications, 2.63%
Organic Chemistry	Organic Chemistry, 437, 2.51% Organic Chemistry 437 publications, 2.51%
Surfaces and Interfaces	Surfaces and Interfaces, 422, 2.43% Surfaces and Interfaces 422 publications, 2.43%
Structural Biology	Structural Biology, 408, 2.35% Structural Biology 408 publications, 2.35%
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)	Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 396, 2.28% Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) 396 publications, 2.28%
Geochemistry and Petrology	Geochemistry and Petrology, 393, 2.26% Geochemistry and Petrology 393 publications, 2.26%
General Chemical Engineering	General Chemical Engineering, 376, 2.16% General Chemical Engineering 376 publications, 2.16%
	500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Journals

	200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Physical Review B	Physical Review B, 1581, 9.09% Physical Review B 1581 publications, 9.09%
Physical Review Letters	Physical Review Letters, 619, 3.56% Physical Review Letters 619 publications, 3.56%
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation	Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 474, 2.72% Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 474 publications, 2.72%
Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 333, 1.91% Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 333 publications, 1.91%
Journal of Physics Condensed Matter	Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 304, 1.75% Journal of Physics Condensed Matter 304 publications, 1.75%
Journal of Applied Crystallography	Journal of Applied Crystallography, 303, 1.74% Journal of Applied Crystallography 303 publications, 1.74%
Applied Physics Letters	Applied Physics Letters, 268, 1.54% Applied Physics Letters 268 publications, 1.54%
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 232, 1.33% Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 232 publications, 1.33%
Review of Scientific Instruments	Review of Scientific Instruments, 229, 1.32% Review of Scientific Instruments 229 publications, 1.32%
Journal of Applied Physics	Journal of Applied Physics, 226, 1.3% Journal of Applied Physics 226 publications, 1.3%
Journal of Physics: Conference Series	Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 206, 1.18% Journal of Physics: Conference Series 206 publications, 1.18%
Journal of Physical Chemistry C	Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 204, 1.17% Journal of Physical Chemistry C 204 publications, 1.17%
Nature Communications	Nature Communications, 203, 1.17% Nature Communications 203 publications, 1.17%
Scientific Reports	Scientific Reports, 198, 1.14% Scientific Reports 198 publications, 1.14%
Inorganic Chemistry	Inorganic Chemistry, 187, 1.07% Inorganic Chemistry 187 publications, 1.07%
Acta Materialia	Acta Materialia, 171, 0.98% Acta Materialia 171 publications, 0.98%
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 166, 0.95% Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 166 publications, 0.95%
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics	Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 163, 0.94% Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 163 publications, 0.94%
Journal of the American Chemical Society	Journal of the American Chemical Society, 156, 0.9% Journal of the American Chemical Society 156 publications, 0.9%
Angewandte Chemie - International Edition	Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 148, 0.85% Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 148 publications, 0.85%
Journal of Alloys and Compounds	Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 144, 0.83% Journal of Alloys and Compounds 144 publications, 0.83%
Physica B: Condensed Matter	Physica B: Condensed Matter, 136, 0.78% Physica B: Condensed Matter 136 publications, 0.78%
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 134, 0.77% Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 134 publications, 0.77%
Journal of Chemical Physics	Journal of Chemical Physics, 128, 0.74% Journal of Chemical Physics 128 publications, 0.74%
Chemistry of Materials	Chemistry of Materials, 128, 0.74% Chemistry of Materials 128 publications, 0.74%
Langmuir	Langmuir, 122, 0.7% Langmuir 122 publications, 0.7%
Macromolecules	Macromolecules, 110, 0.63% Macromolecules 110 publications, 0.63%
Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography	Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography, 105, 0.6% Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 105 publications, 0.6%
Angewandte Chemie	Angewandte Chemie, 101, 0.58% Angewandte Chemie 101 publications, 0.58%
Journal of Physical Chemistry B	Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 98, 0.56% Journal of Physical Chemistry B 98 publications, 0.56%
	200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Publishers

	500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Elsevier	Elsevier, 3542, 20.36% Elsevier 3542 publications, 20.36%
American Physical Society (APS)	American Physical Society (APS), 2433, 13.99% American Physical Society (APS) 2433 publications, 13.99%
Wiley	Wiley, 1861, 10.7% Wiley 1861 publications, 10.7%
American Chemical Society (ACS)	American Chemical Society (ACS), 1701, 9.78% American Chemical Society (ACS) 1701 publications, 9.78%
Springer Nature	Springer Nature, 1503, 8.64% Springer Nature 1503 publications, 8.64%
IOP Publishing	IOP Publishing, 961, 5.52% IOP Publishing 961 publications, 5.52%
AIP Publishing	AIP Publishing, 942, 5.41% AIP Publishing 942 publications, 5.41%
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 928, 5.33% Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 928 publications, 5.33%
International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)	International Union of Crystallography (IUCr), 659, 3.79% International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) 659 publications, 3.79%
Taylor & Francis	Taylor & Francis, 341, 1.96% Taylor & Francis 341 publications, 1.96%
SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng	SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng, 340, 1.95% SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng 340 publications, 1.95%
MDPI	MDPI, 218, 1.25% MDPI 218 publications, 1.25%
Walter de Gruyter	Walter de Gruyter, 152, 0.87% Walter de Gruyter 152 publications, 0.87%
Trans Tech Publications	Trans Tech Publications, 139, 0.8% Trans Tech Publications 139 publications, 0.8%
Pleiades Publishing	Pleiades Publishing, 134, 0.77% Pleiades Publishing 134 publications, 0.77%
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 134, 0.77% Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 134 publications, 0.77%
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)	American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 134, 0.77% American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 134 publications, 0.77%
EDP Sciences	EDP Sciences, 124, 0.71% EDP Sciences 124 publications, 0.71%
Optica Publishing Group	Optica Publishing Group, 116, 0.67% Optica Publishing Group 116 publications, 0.67%
The Electrochemical Society	The Electrochemical Society, 110, 0.63% The Electrochemical Society 110 publications, 0.63%
Oxford University Press	Oxford University Press, 95, 0.55% Oxford University Press 95 publications, 0.55%
Cambridge University Press	Cambridge University Press, 80, 0.46% Cambridge University Press 80 publications, 0.46%
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 76, 0.44% Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 76 publications, 0.44%
Public Library of Science (PLoS)	Public Library of Science (PLoS), 74, 0.43% Public Library of Science (PLoS) 74 publications, 0.43%
Frontiers Media S.A.	Frontiers Media S.A., 48, 0.28% Frontiers Media S.A. 48 publications, 0.28%
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology	American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 41, 0.24% American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 41 publications, 0.24%
The Royal Society	The Royal Society, 40, 0.23% The Royal Society 40 publications, 0.23%
World Scientific	World Scientific, 34, 0.2% World Scientific 34 publications, 0.2%
Cellule MathDoc/Centre Mersenne	Cellule MathDoc/Centre Mersenne, 32, 0.18% Cellule MathDoc/Centre Mersenne 32 publications, 0.18%
Copernicus	Copernicus, 24, 0.14% Copernicus 24 publications, 0.14%
	500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

With other organizations

	200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Grenoble Alpes University	Grenoble Alpes University, 1531, 8.8% Grenoble Alpes University 1531 publications, 8.8%
Sorbonne University	Sorbonne University, 780, 4.48% Sorbonne University 780 publications, 4.48%
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron	Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 709, 4.08% Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron 709 publications, 4.08%
Institut Laue-Langevin	Institut Laue-Langevin, 662, 3.81% Institut Laue-Langevin 662 publications, 3.81%
Paul Scherrer Institute	Paul Scherrer Institute, 544, 3.13% Paul Scherrer Institute 544 publications, 3.13%
Institut Néel	Institut Néel, 517, 2.97% Institut Néel 517 publications, 2.97%
Université Paris-Saclay	Université Paris-Saclay, 447, 2.57% Université Paris-Saclay 447 publications, 2.57%
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology	Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 417, 2.4% Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 417 publications, 2.4%
Diamond Light Source	Diamond Light Source, 386, 2.22% Diamond Light Source 386 publications, 2.22%
Institut polytechnique de Grenoble	Institut polytechnique de Grenoble, 376, 2.16% Institut polytechnique de Grenoble 376 publications, 2.16%
French Institute of Health and Medical Research	French Institute of Health and Medical Research, 373, 2.14% French Institute of Health and Medical Research 373 publications, 2.14%
University College London	University College London, 372, 2.14% University College London 372 publications, 2.14%
University of Bayreuth	University of Bayreuth, 351, 2.02% University of Bayreuth 351 publications, 2.02%
ETH Zurich	ETH Zurich, 348, 2% ETH Zurich 348 publications, 2%
Sapienza University of Rome	Sapienza University of Rome, 310, 1.78% Sapienza University of Rome 310 publications, 1.78%
Institute of Mineralogy, Materials Physics and Cosmochemistry	Institute of Mineralogy, Materials Physics and Cosmochemistry, 309, 1.78% Institute of Mineralogy, Materials Physics and Cosmochemistry 309 publications, 1.78%
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf	Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 304, 1.75% Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 304 publications, 1.75%
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne	École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 290, 1.67% École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 290 publications, 1.67%
Argonne National Laboratory	Argonne National Laboratory, 276, 1.59% Argonne National Laboratory 276 publications, 1.59%
University of Oxford	University of Oxford, 271, 1.56% University of Oxford 271 publications, 1.56%
Lomonosov Moscow State University	Lomonosov Moscow State University, 270, 1.55% Lomonosov Moscow State University 270 publications, 1.55%
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory	Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, 270, 1.55% Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 270 publications, 1.55%
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1	Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 258, 1.48% Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 258 publications, 1.48%
Polytechnic University of Milan	Polytechnic University of Milan, 253, 1.45% Polytechnic University of Milan 253 publications, 1.45%
Materials Science Institute of Madrid	Materials Science Institute of Madrid, 250, 1.44% Materials Science Institute of Madrid 250 publications, 1.44%
University of Montpellier	University of Montpellier, 250, 1.44% University of Montpellier 250 publications, 1.44%
Aix-Marseille University	Aix-Marseille University, 245, 1.41% Aix-Marseille University 245 publications, 1.41%
University of Manchester	University of Manchester, 242, 1.39% University of Manchester 242 publications, 1.39%
Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research	Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 239, 1.37% Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research 239 publications, 1.37%
Uppsala University	Uppsala University, 236, 1.36% Uppsala University 236 publications, 1.36%
	200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

With foreign organizations

	100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron	Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 709, 4.08% Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron 709 publications, 4.08%
Paul Scherrer Institute	Paul Scherrer Institute, 544, 3.13% Paul Scherrer Institute 544 publications, 3.13%
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology	Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 417, 2.4% Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 417 publications, 2.4%
Diamond Light Source	Diamond Light Source, 386, 2.22% Diamond Light Source 386 publications, 2.22%
University College London	University College London, 372, 2.14% University College London 372 publications, 2.14%
University of Bayreuth	University of Bayreuth, 351, 2.02% University of Bayreuth 351 publications, 2.02%
ETH Zurich	ETH Zurich, 348, 2% ETH Zurich 348 publications, 2%
Sapienza University of Rome	Sapienza University of Rome, 310, 1.78% Sapienza University of Rome 310 publications, 1.78%
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf	Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 304, 1.75% Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 304 publications, 1.75%
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne	École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 290, 1.67% École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 290 publications, 1.67%
Argonne National Laboratory	Argonne National Laboratory, 276, 1.59% Argonne National Laboratory 276 publications, 1.59%
University of Oxford	University of Oxford, 271, 1.56% University of Oxford 271 publications, 1.56%
Lomonosov Moscow State University	Lomonosov Moscow State University, 270, 1.55% Lomonosov Moscow State University 270 publications, 1.55%
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory	Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, 270, 1.55% Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 270 publications, 1.55%
Polytechnic University of Milan	Polytechnic University of Milan, 253, 1.45% Polytechnic University of Milan 253 publications, 1.45%
Materials Science Institute of Madrid	Materials Science Institute of Madrid, 250, 1.44% Materials Science Institute of Madrid 250 publications, 1.44%
University of Manchester	University of Manchester, 242, 1.39% University of Manchester 242 publications, 1.39%
Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research	Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 239, 1.37% Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research 239 publications, 1.37%
Uppsala University	Uppsala University, 236, 1.36% Uppsala University 236 publications, 1.36%
Forschungszentrum Jülich	Forschungszentrum Jülich, 235, 1.35% Forschungszentrum Jülich 235 publications, 1.35%
Brookhaven National Laboratory	Brookhaven National Laboratory, 228, 1.31% Brookhaven National Laboratory 228 publications, 1.31%
Technical University of Munich	Technical University of Munich, 221, 1.27% Technical University of Munich 221 publications, 1.27%
Lund University	Lund University, 221, 1.27% Lund University 221 publications, 1.27%
Technical University of Denmark	Technical University of Denmark, 221, 1.27% Technical University of Denmark 221 publications, 1.27%
University of Turin	University of Turin, 210, 1.21% University of Turin 210 publications, 1.21%
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids	Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 208, 1.2% Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids 208 publications, 1.2%
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich	Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 208, 1.2% Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 208 publications, 1.2%
University of Helsinki	University of Helsinki, 206, 1.18% University of Helsinki 206 publications, 1.18%
National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology	National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, 203, 1.17% National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology 203 publications, 1.17%
University of Milan	University of Milan, 190, 1.09% University of Milan 190 publications, 1.09%
	100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

With other countries

	500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Germany	Germany, 4917, 28.26% Germany 4917 publications, 28.26%
Italy	Italy, 2554, 14.68% Italy 2554 publications, 14.68%
United Kingdom	United Kingdom, 2547, 14.64% United Kingdom 2547 publications, 14.64%
USA	USA, 2374, 13.65% USA 2374 publications, 13.65%
Switzerland	Switzerland, 1337, 7.69% Switzerland 1337 publications, 7.69%
Spain	Spain, 1294, 7.44% Spain 1294 publications, 7.44%
Russia	Russia, 1253, 7.2% Russia 1253 publications, 7.2%
Sweden	Sweden, 809, 4.65% Sweden 809 publications, 4.65%
Netherlands	Netherlands, 776, 4.46% Netherlands 776 publications, 4.46%
Japan	Japan, 746, 4.29% Japan 746 publications, 4.29%
Belgium	Belgium, 664, 3.82% Belgium 664 publications, 3.82%
Denmark	Denmark, 548, 3.15% Denmark 548 publications, 3.15%
Poland	Poland, 486, 2.79% Poland 486 publications, 2.79%
China	China, 456, 2.62% China 456 publications, 2.62%
Austria	Austria, 437, 2.51% Austria 437 publications, 2.51%
Australia	Australia, 348, 2% Australia 348 publications, 2%
Norway	Norway, 333, 1.91% Norway 333 publications, 1.91%
Finland	Finland, 279, 1.6% Finland 279 publications, 1.6%
Canada	Canada, 276, 1.59% Canada 276 publications, 1.59%
Czech Republic	Czech Republic, 267, 1.53% Czech Republic 267 publications, 1.53%
Israel	Israel, 232, 1.33% Israel 232 publications, 1.33%
India	India, 217, 1.25% India 217 publications, 1.25%
Brazil	Brazil, 194, 1.12% Brazil 194 publications, 1.12%
Portugal	Portugal, 160, 0.92% Portugal 160 publications, 0.92%
Hungary	Hungary, 136, 0.78% Hungary 136 publications, 0.78%
Republic of Korea	Republic of Korea, 135, 0.78% Republic of Korea 135 publications, 0.78%
Greece	Greece, 126, 0.72% Greece 126 publications, 0.72%
South Africa	South Africa, 114, 0.66% South Africa 114 publications, 0.66%
Ukraine	Ukraine, 97, 0.56% Ukraine 97 publications, 0.56%
	500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
Statistics recalculated daily.
Publications published earlier than 1986 are ignored in the statistics.
The horizontal charts show the 30 top positions.
Journals quartiles values are relevant at the moment.