Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory named after E. Kharadze

Short name

GENAO

Country, city

Georgia, Abastumani

02gkgrd84

Organization website

Publications

832

Citations

19 686

h-index

Top-3 journals

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (106 publications)

Astronomy and Astrophysics (85 publications)

Astrophysical Journal (78 publications)

Top-3 organizations

Ilia State University (312 publications)

Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (85 publications)

Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (65 publications)

Top-3 foreign organizations

Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (65 publications)

Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (51 publications)

Kansas State University (47 publications)

Publication title from chars

Publisher

Journal

Field of science

Countries

Open access

SCImago

WoS

Since

For

Clear filter

By date

By citations

Publications found: 0

Since 1992

Total publications

832

Total citations

19684

Citations per publication

23.66

Average publications per year

15.13

Average authors per publication

7.84

h-index

Metrics description

h-index

A scientist has an h-index if h of his N publications are cited at least h times each, while the remaining (N - h) publications are cited no more than h times each.

https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0507655102

Top-30

Fields of science

	100 200 300 400 500 600
Astronomy and Astrophysics	Astronomy and Astrophysics, 581, 69.83% Astronomy and Astrophysics 581 publications, 69.83%
Space and Planetary Science	Space and Planetary Science, 498, 59.86% Space and Planetary Science 498 publications, 59.86%
Atmospheric Science	Atmospheric Science, 53, 6.37% Atmospheric Science 53 publications, 6.37%
Condensed Matter Physics	Condensed Matter Physics, 52, 6.25% Condensed Matter Physics 52 publications, 6.25%
Geophysics	Geophysics, 42, 5.05% Geophysics 42 publications, 5.05%
General Physics and Astronomy	General Physics and Astronomy, 40, 4.81% General Physics and Astronomy 40 publications, 4.81%
Nuclear and High Energy Physics	Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 35, 4.21% Nuclear and High Energy Physics 35 publications, 4.21%
General Earth and Planetary Sciences	General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 35, 4.21% General Earth and Planetary Sciences 35 publications, 4.21%
Aerospace Engineering	Aerospace Engineering, 24, 2.88% Aerospace Engineering 24 publications, 2.88%
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)	Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 15, 1.8% Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) 15 publications, 1.8%
Instrumentation	Instrumentation, 15, 1.8% Instrumentation 15 publications, 1.8%
Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)	Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 13, 1.56% Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) 13 publications, 1.56%
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 11, 1.32% Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics 11 publications, 1.32%
Mechanical Engineering	Mechanical Engineering, 11, 1.32% Mechanical Engineering 11 publications, 1.32%
Mathematical Physics	Mathematical Physics, 9, 1.08% Mathematical Physics 9 publications, 1.08%
Geology	Geology, 9, 1.08% Geology 9 publications, 1.08%
Electrical and Electronic Engineering	Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 8, 0.96% Electrical and Electronic Engineering 8 publications, 0.96%
Statistical and Nonlinear Physics	Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, 7, 0.84% Statistical and Nonlinear Physics 7 publications, 0.84%
Computational Mechanics	Computational Mechanics, 7, 0.84% Computational Mechanics 7 publications, 0.84%
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes	Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, 7, 0.84% Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes 7 publications, 0.84%
General Medicine	General Medicine, 6, 0.72% General Medicine 6 publications, 0.72%
Multidisciplinary	Multidisciplinary, 6, 0.72% Multidisciplinary 6 publications, 0.72%
Mechanics of Materials	Mechanics of Materials, 6, 0.72% Mechanics of Materials 6 publications, 0.72%
Metals and Alloys	Metals and Alloys, 5, 0.6% Metals and Alloys 5 publications, 0.6%
Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 5, 0.6% Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials 5 publications, 0.6%
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering	Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 5, 0.6% Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering 5 publications, 0.6%
General Engineering	General Engineering, 5, 0.6% General Engineering 5 publications, 0.6%
Strategy and Management	Strategy and Management, 5, 0.6% Strategy and Management 5 publications, 0.6%
Nuclear Energy and Engineering	Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 4, 0.48% Nuclear Energy and Engineering 4 publications, 0.48%
Modeling and Simulation	Modeling and Simulation, 4, 0.48% Modeling and Simulation 4 publications, 0.48%
	100 200 300 400 500 600

Journals

	20 40 60 80 100 120
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 106, 12.74% Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 106 publications, 12.74%
Astronomy and Astrophysics	Astronomy and Astrophysics, 85, 10.22% Astronomy and Astrophysics 85 publications, 10.22%
Astrophysical Journal	Astrophysical Journal, 78, 9.38% Astrophysical Journal 78 publications, 9.38%
Astrophysics	Astrophysics, 70, 8.41% Astrophysics 70 publications, 8.41%
Astrophysics and Space Science	Astrophysics and Space Science, 43, 5.17% Astrophysics and Space Science 43 publications, 5.17%
Physical Review D	Physical Review D, 32, 3.85% Physical Review D 32 publications, 3.85%
Physics of Plasmas	Physics of Plasmas, 29, 3.49% Physics of Plasmas 29 publications, 3.49%
Solar Physics	Solar Physics, 28, 3.37% Solar Physics 28 publications, 3.37%
Astronomische Nachrichten	Astronomische Nachrichten, 27, 3.25% Astronomische Nachrichten 27 publications, 3.25%
Advances in Space Research	Advances in Space Research, 23, 2.76% Advances in Space Research 23 publications, 2.76%
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union	Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, 16, 1.92% Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 16 publications, 1.92%
Astrophysics and Space Science Library	Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 13, 1.56% Astrophysics and Space Science Library 13 publications, 1.56%
Physical Review Letters	Physical Review Letters, 9, 1.08% Physical Review Letters 9 publications, 1.08%
Astrophysical Journal Letters	Astrophysical Journal Letters, 9, 1.08% Astrophysical Journal Letters 9 publications, 1.08%
Physical Review E	Physical Review E, 9, 1.08% Physical Review E 9 publications, 1.08%
Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics	Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics, 8, 0.96% Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics 8 publications, 0.96%
New Astronomy	New Astronomy, 8, 0.96% New Astronomy 8 publications, 0.96%
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics	Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 8, 0.96% Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 8 publications, 0.96%
Annales Geophysicae	Annales Geophysicae, 7, 0.84% Annales Geophysicae 7 publications, 0.84%
Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions	Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions, 7, 0.84% Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions 7 publications, 0.84%
Universe	Universe, 6, 0.72% Universe 6 publications, 0.72%
Plasma Physics Reports	Plasma Physics Reports, 6, 0.72% Plasma Physics Reports 6 publications, 0.72%
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 6, 0.72% Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 6 publications, 0.72%
Solar System Research	Solar System Research, 5, 0.6% Solar System Research 5 publications, 0.6%
Journal of Physics: Conference Series	Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 5, 0.6% Journal of Physics: Conference Series 5 publications, 0.6%
Planetary and Space Science	Planetary and Space Science, 5, 0.6% Planetary and Space Science 5 publications, 0.6%
Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series	Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, 5, 0.6% Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 5 publications, 0.6%
Space Science Reviews	Space Science Reviews, 5, 0.6% Space Science Reviews 5 publications, 0.6%
Astronomical Journal	Astronomical Journal, 5, 0.6% Astronomical Journal 5 publications, 0.6%
Astronomy Reports	Astronomy Reports, 5, 0.6% Astronomy Reports 5 publications, 0.6%
	20 40 60 80 100 120

Publishers

	50 100 150 200 250
Springer Nature	Springer Nature, 203, 24.4% Springer Nature 203 publications, 24.4%
Oxford University Press	Oxford University Press, 112, 13.46% Oxford University Press 112 publications, 13.46%
American Astronomical Society	American Astronomical Society, 93, 11.18% American Astronomical Society 93 publications, 11.18%
EDP Sciences	EDP Sciences, 89, 10.7% EDP Sciences 89 publications, 10.7%
Elsevier	Elsevier, 70, 8.41% Elsevier 70 publications, 8.41%
American Physical Society (APS)	American Physical Society (APS), 57, 6.85% American Physical Society (APS) 57 publications, 6.85%
Wiley	Wiley, 39, 4.69% Wiley 39 publications, 4.69%
AIP Publishing	AIP Publishing, 34, 4.09% AIP Publishing 34 publications, 4.09%
Pleiades Publishing	Pleiades Publishing, 29, 3.49% Pleiades Publishing 29 publications, 3.49%
IOP Publishing	IOP Publishing, 27, 3.25% IOP Publishing 27 publications, 3.25%
Cambridge University Press	Cambridge University Press, 22, 2.64% Cambridge University Press 22 publications, 2.64%
Copernicus	Copernicus, 16, 1.92% Copernicus 16 publications, 1.92%
MDPI	MDPI, 11, 1.32% MDPI 11 publications, 1.32%
Taylor & Francis	Taylor & Francis, 10, 1.2% Taylor & Francis 10 publications, 1.2%
World Scientific	World Scientific, 4, 0.48% World Scientific 4 publications, 0.48%
American Geophysical Union	American Geophysical Union, 3, 0.36% American Geophysical Union 3 publications, 0.36%
Astronomical Observatory	Astronomical Observatory, 3, 0.36% Astronomical Observatory 3 publications, 0.36%
Frontiers Media S.A.	Frontiers Media S.A., 2, 0.24% Frontiers Media S.A. 2 publications, 0.24%
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)	Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 1, 0.12% Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) 1 publication, 0.12%
The Royal Society	The Royal Society, 1, 0.12% The Royal Society 1 publication, 0.12%
American Meteorological Society	American Meteorological Society, 1, 0.12% American Meteorological Society 1 publication, 0.12%
Health Affairs (Project Hope)	Health Affairs (Project Hope), 1, 0.12% Health Affairs (Project Hope) 1 publication, 0.12%
Academia Brasileira de Ciencias	Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 1, 0.12% Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 1 publication, 0.12%
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 1, 0.12% Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1 publication, 0.12%
CSIRO Publishing	CSIRO Publishing, 1, 0.12% CSIRO Publishing 1 publication, 0.12%
SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng	SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng, 1, 0.12% SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng 1 publication, 0.12%
	50 100 150 200 250

With other organizations

With foreign organizations

With other countries

	50 100 150 200 250
USA	USA, 235, 28.25% USA 235 publications, 28.25%
Russia	Russia, 174, 20.91% Russia 174 publications, 20.91%
Germany	Germany, 125, 15.02% Germany 125 publications, 15.02%
Italy	Italy, 112, 13.46% Italy 112 publications, 13.46%
Spain	Spain, 90, 10.82% Spain 90 publications, 10.82%
Austria	Austria, 80, 9.62% Austria 80 publications, 9.62%
United Kingdom	United Kingdom, 77, 9.25% United Kingdom 77 publications, 9.25%
Poland	Poland, 77, 9.25% Poland 77 publications, 9.25%
USSR	USSR, 68, 8.17% USSR 68 publications, 8.17%
Canada	Canada, 58, 6.97% Canada 58 publications, 6.97%
India	India, 57, 6.85% India 57 publications, 6.85%
Belgium	Belgium, 54, 6.49% Belgium 54 publications, 6.49%
China	China, 53, 6.37% China 53 publications, 6.37%
France	France, 40, 4.81% France 40 publications, 4.81%
Ukraine	Ukraine, 35, 4.21% Ukraine 35 publications, 4.21%
Sweden	Sweden, 35, 4.21% Sweden 35 publications, 4.21%
Bulgaria	Bulgaria, 33, 3.97% Bulgaria 33 publications, 3.97%
Japan	Japan, 33, 3.97% Japan 33 publications, 3.97%
Czech Republic	Czech Republic, 31, 3.73% Czech Republic 31 publications, 3.73%
Uzbekistan	Uzbekistan, 29, 3.49% Uzbekistan 29 publications, 3.49%
Finland	Finland, 26, 3.13% Finland 26 publications, 3.13%
Brazil	Brazil, 20, 2.4% Brazil 20 publications, 2.4%
Serbia	Serbia, 19, 2.28% Serbia 19 publications, 2.28%
Kazakhstan	Kazakhstan, 18, 2.16% Kazakhstan 18 publications, 2.16%
Australia	Australia, 18, 2.16% Australia 18 publications, 2.16%
Switzerland	Switzerland, 18, 2.16% Switzerland 18 publications, 2.16%
Armenia	Armenia, 16, 1.92% Armenia 16 publications, 1.92%
Mexico	Mexico, 16, 1.92% Mexico 16 publications, 1.92%
Greece	Greece, 15, 1.8% Greece 15 publications, 1.8%
Republic of Korea	Republic of Korea, 13, 1.56% Republic of Korea 13 publications, 1.56%
	50 100 150 200 250

We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
Statistics recalculated daily.
Publications published earlier than 1992 are ignored in the statistics.
The horizontal charts show the 30 top positions.
Journals quartiles values are relevant at the moment.

	50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Ilia State University	Ilia State University, 312, 37.5% Ilia State University 312 publications, 37.5%
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University	Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 85, 10.22% Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 85 publications, 10.22%
Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences	Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 65, 7.81% Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences 65 publications, 7.81%
Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences	Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 51, 6.13% Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 51 publications, 6.13%
Kansas State University	Kansas State University, 47, 5.65% Kansas State University 47 publications, 5.65%
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven	Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 46, 5.53% Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 46 publications, 5.53%
National Institute for Astrophysics	National Institute for Astrophysics, 46, 5.53% National Institute for Astrophysics 46 publications, 5.53%
Carnegie Mellon University	Carnegie Mellon University, 41, 4.93% Carnegie Mellon University 41 publications, 4.93%
University of Graz	University of Graz, 38, 4.57% University of Graz 38 publications, 4.57%
Astrophysical Observatory of Turin	Astrophysical Observatory of Turin, 33, 3.97% Astrophysical Observatory of Turin 33 publications, 3.97%
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences	Crimean Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 32, 3.85% Crimean Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences 32 publications, 3.85%
Laurentian University	Laurentian University, 31, 3.73% Laurentian University 31 publications, 3.73%
Kazan Federal University	Kazan Federal University, 30, 3.61% Kazan Federal University 30 publications, 3.61%
Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan	Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 29, 3.49% Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan 29 publications, 3.49%
Lomonosov Moscow State University	Lomonosov Moscow State University, 26, 3.13% Lomonosov Moscow State University 26 publications, 3.13%
Stockholm University	Stockholm University, 26, 3.13% Stockholm University 26 publications, 3.13%
Boston University	Boston University, 26, 3.13% Boston University 26 publications, 3.13%
Saint Petersburg State University	Saint Petersburg State University, 25, 3% Saint Petersburg State University 25 publications, 3%
Pulkovo Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences	Pulkovo Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 24, 2.88% Pulkovo Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24 publications, 2.88%
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences	Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, 23, 2.76% Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences 23 publications, 2.76%
KTH Royal Institute of Technology	KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 23, 2.76% KTH Royal Institute of Technology 23 publications, 2.76%
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences	P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22, 2.64% P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22 publications, 2.64%
The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics	The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 21, 2.52% The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics 21 publications, 2.52%
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf	Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 20, 2.4% Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 20 publications, 2.4%
University of Michigan	University of Michigan, 20, 2.4% University of Michigan 20 publications, 2.4%
National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute"	National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 19, 2.28% National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" 19 publications, 2.28%
University of Texas at Austin	University of Texas at Austin, 19, 2.28% University of Texas at Austin 19 publications, 2.28%
Samara State Technical University	Samara State Technical University, 18, 2.16% Samara State Technical University 18 publications, 2.16%
Brera Astronomical Observatory	Brera Astronomical Observatory, 18, 2.16% Brera Astronomical Observatory 18 publications, 2.16%
University of California, Berkeley	University of California, Berkeley, 18, 2.16% University of California, Berkeley 18 publications, 2.16%
	50 100 150 200 250 300 350

	10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences	Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 65, 7.81% Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences 65 publications, 7.81%
Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences	Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 51, 6.13% Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 51 publications, 6.13%
Kansas State University	Kansas State University, 47, 5.65% Kansas State University 47 publications, 5.65%
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven	Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 46, 5.53% Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 46 publications, 5.53%
National Institute for Astrophysics	National Institute for Astrophysics, 46, 5.53% National Institute for Astrophysics 46 publications, 5.53%
Carnegie Mellon University	Carnegie Mellon University, 41, 4.93% Carnegie Mellon University 41 publications, 4.93%
University of Graz	University of Graz, 38, 4.57% University of Graz 38 publications, 4.57%
Astrophysical Observatory of Turin	Astrophysical Observatory of Turin, 33, 3.97% Astrophysical Observatory of Turin 33 publications, 3.97%
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences	Crimean Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 32, 3.85% Crimean Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences 32 publications, 3.85%
Laurentian University	Laurentian University, 31, 3.73% Laurentian University 31 publications, 3.73%
Kazan Federal University	Kazan Federal University, 30, 3.61% Kazan Federal University 30 publications, 3.61%
Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan	Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 29, 3.49% Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan 29 publications, 3.49%
Lomonosov Moscow State University	Lomonosov Moscow State University, 26, 3.13% Lomonosov Moscow State University 26 publications, 3.13%
Stockholm University	Stockholm University, 26, 3.13% Stockholm University 26 publications, 3.13%
Boston University	Boston University, 26, 3.13% Boston University 26 publications, 3.13%
Saint Petersburg State University	Saint Petersburg State University, 25, 3% Saint Petersburg State University 25 publications, 3%
Pulkovo Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences	Pulkovo Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 24, 2.88% Pulkovo Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24 publications, 2.88%
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences	Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, 23, 2.76% Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences 23 publications, 2.76%
KTH Royal Institute of Technology	KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 23, 2.76% KTH Royal Institute of Technology 23 publications, 2.76%
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences	P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22, 2.64% P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22 publications, 2.64%
The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics	The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 21, 2.52% The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics 21 publications, 2.52%
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf	Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 20, 2.4% Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 20 publications, 2.4%
University of Michigan	University of Michigan, 20, 2.4% University of Michigan 20 publications, 2.4%
National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute"	National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 19, 2.28% National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" 19 publications, 2.28%
University of Texas at Austin	University of Texas at Austin, 19, 2.28% University of Texas at Austin 19 publications, 2.28%
Samara State Technical University	Samara State Technical University, 18, 2.16% Samara State Technical University 18 publications, 2.16%
Brera Astronomical Observatory	Brera Astronomical Observatory, 18, 2.16% Brera Astronomical Observatory 18 publications, 2.16%
University of California, Berkeley	University of California, Berkeley, 18, 2.16% University of California, Berkeley 18 publications, 2.16%
Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences	Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17, 2.04% Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences 17 publications, 2.04%
New York University	New York University, 17, 2.04% New York University 17 publications, 2.04%
	10 20 30 40 50 60 70