Seikei University

Sekitani K., Zhao Y.

KIMURA K., HARAMIISHI T., AMANO K., NAKANO S.

MATSUMOTO N., KURITA K., KIYOMI M.

Cheng M., Zhou Y., Wei S., Qian S.

NAKANO T.

Ashida M.

KITAJIMA R., SAKAI H.

Inoue K.

We consider the runs enumerations in the waiting time problem related to countably many runs. Two types of random variables, i.e., the waiting time until the first occurrence of a run among the infinite number of runs and the numbers of occurrences of runs of several lengths observed at that time are of main interest. The corresponding joint distributions are investigated in terms of the probability generating functions. We provide the effective computational tools for the evaluation of the probability mass functions by making use of the potential partition polynomials. Finally, applications with numerical results are given in order to demonstrate feasibility of our theoretical results.

Shinozaki A., Matsuda K., Aoyagi S.

Methods that facilitate molecular identification and imaging are required to evaluate drug penetration into tissues. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), which has high spatial resolution and allows 3D distribution imaging of organic materials, is suitable for this purpose. However, the complexity of ToF-SIMS data, which includes nonlinear factors, makes interpretation challenging. Therefore, in this study, ToF-SIMS data of a stratum corneum treated with diclofenac were analyzed using machine learning to enable the evaluation of drug distribution. Diclofenac-related mass peaks were identified using autoencoder results, and the degree of penetration was evaluated across 2–20th stripped tapes. In addition, the permeation pathway was clarified by comparing the secondary ion images of phosphatidylethanolamine (PhEA; a marker of the inside of the cell); cholesterol, which is abundant in cell membranes; and diclofenac. Based on the biomolecule-related ion images showing the penetration pathway of diclofenac applied to the skin, diclofenac penetrates both the extracellular space and inside cells.

Kambara K., Toya A., Lee S., Shimizu H., Abe K., Shigematsu J., Zhang Q., Abe N., Hayase R., Abe N., Nakai R., Aoki S., Asano K., Asano R., Fujimura M., et. al.

AbstractAs a countermeasure to the increased loneliness induced by the COVID‐19 pandemic‐related university closures, universities provided students with online interaction opportunities. However, whether these opportunities contributed to reducing loneliness during the university closures remains unclear, as previous studies have produced contradictory findings. We conducted a nationwide cross‐sectional survey. Data were collected on demographics, social environment, social support, interactions, health and loneliness from 4949 students from 60 universities across Japan. We used psychological network and Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) to examine the effect of online interactions on loneliness during university closures during COVID‐19. The results showed that the frequency of online interactions with friends did not exert a significant influence on loneliness during university closures. A comparative examination of the DAGs further illuminated that the social environment exhibited fewer pathways for interpersonal interactions and social support during these closure periods. The psychosocial pathways influencing young adults' loneliness show variations contingent on the university's closure status. Notably, the impact of heightened online interactions with friends on loneliness appears to be less pronounced among young adults in the context of university closure.

Monnai T.

MANAKA T., TSUTSUMI Y., ASHIDA M., CHEN P., HANAWA T.

MASUDA T., FUJITA M., UENO T., HAYASHI D., AOYAGI S.

Yamaguchi Y., Yahagi K.

ABSTRACTCitizens may derive personal benefits from new technologies while remaining uncertain about their potential social harm. Consequently, citizens may delegate the decision of legal prohibition to politicians, but conflicts can arise because politicians may have self‐interested motivations. How does the interaction of uncertainty regarding social harm and politicians' incentives affect the legal prohibition of new technologies? To answer this question, we develop a two‐period political agency model combined with a law enforcement model in which citizens endogenously determine whether to become law‐breaking or law‐abiding citizens. We then demonstrate that (i) when uncertainty regarding social harm is low, politicians tend to opt for under‐enforcement, while (ii) when uncertainty is high, politicians are inclined toward over‐enforcement. Additionally, we show that as politicians have greater motivation to hold office, expected welfare is enhanced when future uncertainty about harm exceeds current uncertainty although this may result in distorted law enforcement.

Cho M., Maruyoshi K., Nardoni E., Song J.

Abstract We systematically explore the space of renormalization group flows of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 superconformal field theories (SCFTs) triggered by relevant deformations, as well as by coupling to free chiral multiplets with relevant operators. In this way, we classify all possible fixed point SCFTs that can be obtained from certain rank 1 and 2 supersymmetric gauge theories with small amount of matter multiplets, identifying 7,346 inequivalent fixed points which pass a series of non-trivial consistency checks. This set of fixed points exhibits interesting statistical behaviors, including a narrow distribution of central charges (a, c), a correlation between the number of relevant operators and the ratio a/c, and trends in the lightest operator dimension versus a/c. The ratio a/c of this set is distributed between 0.7228 and 1.2100, where the upper bound is larger than that of previously known interacting SCFTs. Moreover, we find a plethora of highly non-perturbative phenomena, such as (super)symmetry enhancements, operator decoupling, non-commuting renormalization group flows, and dualities. We especially identify amongst these fixed points a new SCFT that has smaller central charges $$ \left(a,c\right)=\left(\frac{633}{2000},\frac{683}{2000}\right) $$ a c = 633 2000 683 2000 than that of the deformed minimal Argyres-Douglas theory, as well as novel Lagrangian duals for certain $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 deformed Argyres-Douglas theories. We provide a website https://qft.kaist.ac.kr/landscape to navigate through our set of fixed points.