Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, volume 55, issue 4, pages 368-385

Conservatism Negatively Predicts Creativity: A Study Across 28 Countries

Agata Groyecka-Bernard 1
, 
Piotr Sorokowski 1
, 
Maciej Karwowski 1
, 
S. Craig Roberts 1, 2
, 
Toivo Aavik 3
, 
Grace Akello 4
, 
Charlotte Alm 5
, 
Naumana Amjad 6
, 
Kelly Asao 7
, 
Chiemezie S. Atama 8
, 
Derya Atamtürk Duyar 9
, 
Richard Ayebare 10
, 
Carlota Batres 11
, 
Aicha Bensafia 12
, 
Anna Bertoni 13
, 
Boris Bizumic 14
, 
Mahmoud Boussena 15
, 
David M. Buss 16
, 
Marina Butovskaya 17
, 
Seda Can 18
, 
Antonin Carrier 19
, 
Hakan Çetinkaya 20
, 
Daniel Conroy-Beam 21
, 
Marco Antonio Correa Varella 22
, 
Ilona Croy 23
, 
Rosa María Cueto 24
, 
Marta Czerwonka 1
, 
Marcin Czub 1
, 
Silvia Donato 13
, 
Daria Dronova 17
, 
Seda Dural 18
, 
Izzet Duyar 9
, 
Berna Ertugrul 9
, 
Agustín Espinosa 24
, 
Carla Sofia Esteves 25
, 
Tomasz Frackowiak 1
, 
Aleksandra Gajda 26
, 
Marta Galewska-Kustra 26
, 
Jorge Contreras Graduño 27
, 
Farida Guemaz 15
, 
I. Hromatko 28
, 
Chin-Ming Hui 29
, 
Iskra Herak 30
, 
Raffaella Iafrate 13
, 
Jas Laile Jaafar 31
, 
Dorota M. Jankowska 26
, 
Feng Jiang 32
, 
Konstantinos Kafetsios 33
, 
Tina Kavčič 34
, 
Nicolas / Kervyn 30
, 
Nils C. Köbis 35
, 
Izabela Lebuda 1, 36
, 
Georgina R. Lennard 14
, 
Ernesto León 24
, 
Torun Lindholm 5
, 
Mohammad Madallh Alhabahba 37
, 
Zoi Manesi 38
, 
Sarah L. McKerchar 14
, 
Girishwar Misra 39
, 
Conal Monaghan 14
, 
Emanuel C. Mora 40
, 
Alba Moya-Garófano 41
, 
Bojan Musil 42
, 
Jean C. Natividade 43
, 
George Nizharadze 44
, 
Elisabeth Oberzaucher 45
, 
A. Oleszkiewicz 1, 46
, 
Mohd Sofian Omar Fauzee 47
, 
Ike E. Onyishi 8
, 
Baris Özener 9
, 
Farid Pazhoohi 48
, 
Mariia Perun 49
, 
Annette Pisanski 50
, 
Katarzyna Pisanski 1, 51
, 
Edna Lúcia Tinoco Ponciano 52
, 
Camelia Popa 53
, 
Pavol Prokop 54, 55
, 
Muhammad Rizwan 56
, 
Svjetlana Salkičević 28
, 
Susanne Schmehl 45
, 
Oksana Senyk 57
, 
Shivantika Sharad 39
, 
Franco Simonetti 58
, 
Meri Tadinac 28
, 
Karina Ugalde González 59
, 
Olha Uhryn 60
, 
Christin-Melanie Vauclair 61
, 
Diego Vega 59
, 
Ewa Weremczuk-Marczyńska 26
, 
Dwi Ajeng Widarini 62
, 
Gyesook Yoo 63
, 
Maja Zupančič 34
, 
Afifa Anjum 6
, 
Anam Shahid 64, 65
, 
Agnieszka Sorokowska 1
Show full list: 95 authors
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Westminster University, Salt Lake City, UT, USA | 
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University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria | 
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Kabale University, Uganda | 
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Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA | 
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University of Algiers 2, Algeria | 
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University of Setif 2, Algeria | 
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Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland | 
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Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine | 
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CNRS French National Centre for Scientific Research, ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, University of Saint-Etienne, France | 
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Romanian Academy, Institute of Philosophy and Psychology, UNATC Bucharest, Romania | 
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Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia | 
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University of Haripur, Karachi, Pakistan | 
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Ukrainian Catholic University, Lviv, Ukraine | 
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Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica | 
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Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Ukraine | 
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Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama), Jakarta, Indonesia | 
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Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2024-04-02
scimago Q1
wos Q2
SJR: 0.992
CiteScore: 4.6
Impact factor: 2.4
ISSN: 00220221, 15525422
Cultural Studies
Anthropology
Social Psychology
Abstract

Previous studies have found a negative relationship between creativity and conservatism. However, as these studies were mostly conducted on samples of homogeneous nationality, the generalizability of the effect across different cultures is unknown. We addressed this gap by conducting a study in 28 countries. Based on the notion that attitudes can be shaped by both environmental and ecological factors, we hypothesized that parasite stress can also affect creativity and thus, its potential effects should be controlled for. The results of multilevel analyses showed that, as expected, conservatism was a significant predictor of lower creativity, adjusting for economic status, age, sex, education level, subjective susceptibility to disease, and country-level parasite stress. In addition, most of the variability in creativity was due to individual rather than country-level variance. Our study provides evidence for a weak but significant negative link between conservatism and creativity at the individual level (β = −0.08, p < .001) and no such effect when country-level conservatism was considered. We present our hypotheses considering previous findings on the behavioral immune system in humans.

Found 71
By date By citations
Springer Nature
Love and affectionate touch toward romantic partners all over the world
Sorokowska A., Kowal M., Saluja S., Aavik T., Alm C., Anjum A., Asao K., Batres C., Bensafia A., Bizumic B., Boussena M., Buss D.M., Butovskaya M., Can S., Carrier A., et. al.
Scientific Reports scimago Q1 wos Q1 Open Access , 
2023-04-04,  citations by CoLab: 5 ,  PDF,  Abstract  
AbstractTouch is the primary way people communicate intimacy in romantic relationships, and affectionate touch behaviors such as stroking, hugging and kissing are universally observed in partnerships all over the world. Here, we explored the association of love and affectionate touch behaviors in romantic partnerships in two studies comprising 7880 participants. In the first study, we used a cross-cultural survey conducted in 37 countries to test whether love was universally associated with affectionate touch behaviors. In the second study, using a more fine-tuned touch behavior scale, we tested whether the frequency of affectionate touch behaviors was related to love in romantic partnerships. As hypothesized, love was significantly and positively associated with affectionate touch behaviors in both studies and this result was replicated regardless of the inclusion of potentially relevant factors as controls. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that affectionate touch is a relatively stable characteristic of human romantic relationships that is robustly and reliably related to the degree of reported love between partners.
Annual Reviews
A Socioecological-Genetic Framework of Culture and Personality: Their Roots, Trends, and Interplay
Lu J.G., Benet-Martínez V., Wang L.C.
Annual Review of Psychology scimago Q1 wos Q1 , 
2023-01-18,  citations by CoLab: 24 ,  Abstract  
Culture and personality are two central topics in psychology. Individuals are culturally influenced influencers of culture, yet the research linking culture and personality has been limited and fragmentary. We integrate the literatures on culture and personality with recent advances in socioecology and genetics to formulate the Socioecological-Genetic Framework of Culture and Personality. Our framework not only delineates the mutual constitution of culture and personality but also sheds light on ( a) the roots of culture and personality, ( b) how socioecological changes partly explain temporal trends in culture and personality, and ( c) how genes and culture/socioecology interact to influence personality (i.e., nature × nurture interactions). By spotlighting the roles of socioecology and genetics, our integrative framework advances the understanding of culture and personality. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 74 is January 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Springer Nature
Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries
Sorokowski P., Kowal M., Sternberg R.J., Aavik T., Akello G., Alhabahba M.M., Alm C., Amjad N., Anjum A., Asao K., Atama C.S., Atamtürk Duyar D., Ayebare R., Conroy-Beam D., Bendixen M., et. al.
Scientific Reports scimago Q1 wos Q1 Open Access , 
2023-01-14,  citations by CoLab: 17 ,  PDF,  Abstract  
AbstractRecent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study, we explored whether countries’ modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion, intimacy, commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 individuals from 45 countries, we tested for relationships with country-level predictors, namely, modernization proxies (i.e., Human Development Index, World Modernization Index, Gender Inequality Index), collectivism, and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies, collectivism, and average annual temperatures. In conclusion, our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences.
Elsevier
On surface and core predictors of real-life creativity
Lebuda I., Zielińska A., Karwowski M.
Thinking Skills and Creativity scimago Q1 wos Q1 , 
2021-12-01,  citations by CoLab: 25 ,  Abstract  
• Core (intelligence and personality aspects) and surface (creative self-concept) characteristics play a role in real-life creativity. • Creative activity serves as a prerequisite of creative achievement. • Creative activity in art is strongly predicted by the Openness aspect. • Creative activity in science is strongly predicted by the Intelligence and Intellect aspect of personality. • Creative achievement in science is predicted by activity in the domain and low Enthusiasm and Politeness aspects. Which factors drive creative activity and achievement? Here, we explore this question with a special focus on both core, to a large extent biologically rooted (e.g., personality, intelligence), and surface, more malleable and socio-culturally conditioned (e.g., creative self-concept), predictors of real-life creativity. Using a series of multivariate structural equation models ( N = 803), we examined how creative self-concept, lower-level personality aspects, and cognitive ability (divergent thinking and intelligence) relate to creative activities and achievements across domains. Creative activity in certain domains (i.e., science or art) fully mediated the links between creative self-concept, intelligence, divergent thinking, personality, and creative achievement. No cross-domain effects were observed; while creative activity in art predicted achievement in art, it did not predict science accomplishment. Similarly, the activity in science predicted achievement in science, but not in the arts. The structure of the most relevant predictors of creative activity across domains differed. Creative activity in science was mainly predicted by intelligence, divergent thinking and the Intellect aspect of the Openness to Experience trait. Creative activity in art was predicted by the Openness aspect of the Openness to Experience personality trait and creative self-concept. For everyday creative activity, intelligence, personality, and creative self-concept played a more balanced and similar role. We discuss the implications of these findings and propose directions for future research.
The Royal Society
Sex differences in human mate preferences vary across sex ratios
Walter K.V., Conroy-Beam D., Buss D.M., Asao K., Sorokowska A., Sorokowski P., Aavik T., Akello G., Alhabahba M.M., Alm C., Amjad N., Anjum A., Atama C.S., Duyar D.A., Ayebare R., et. al.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences scimago Q1 wos Q1 , 
2021-07-21,  citations by CoLab: 22 ,  Abstract  
A wide range of literature connects sex ratio and mating behaviours in non-human animals. However, research examining sex ratio and human mating is limited in scope. Prior work has examined the relationship between sex ratio and desire for short-term, uncommitted mating as well as outcomes such as marriage and divorce rates. Less empirical attention has been directed towards the relationship between sex ratio and mate preferences, despite the importance of mate preferences in the human mating literature. To address this gap, we examined sex ratio's relationship to the variation in preferences for attractiveness, resources, kindness, intelligence and health in a long-term mate across 45 countries ( n = 14 487). We predicted that mate preferences would vary according to relative power of choice on the mating market, with increased power derived from having relatively few competitors and numerous potential mates. We found that each sex tended to report more demanding preferences for attractiveness and resources where the opposite sex was abundant, compared to where the opposite sex was scarce. This pattern dovetails with those found for mating strategies in humans and mate preferences across species, highlighting the importance of sex ratio for understanding variation in human mate preferences.
SAGE
Affective Interpersonal Touch in Close Relationships: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
Sorokowska A., Saluja S., Sorokowski P., Frąckowiak T., Karwowski M., Aavik T., Akello G., Alm C., Amjad N., Anjum A., Asao K., Atama C.S., Atamtürk Duyar D., Ayebare R., Batres C., et. al.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin scimago Q1 wos Q1 , 
2021-02-22,  citations by CoLab: 64 ,  Abstract  
Interpersonal touch behavior differs across cultures, yet no study to date has systematically tested for cultural variation in affective touch, nor examined the factors that might account for this variability. Here, over 14,000 individuals from 45 countries were asked whether they embraced, stroked, kissed, or hugged their partner, friends, and youngest child during the week preceding the study. We then examined a range of hypothesized individual-level factors (sex, age, parasitic history, conservatism, religiosity, and preferred interpersonal distance) and cultural-level factors (regional temperature, parasite stress, regional conservatism, collectivism, and religiosity) in predicting these affective-touching behaviors. Our results indicate that affective touch was most prevalent in relationships with partners and children, and its diversity was relatively higher in warmer, less conservative, and religious countries, and among younger, female, and liberal people. This research allows for a broad and integrated view of the bases of cross-cultural variability in affective touch.
The Open Journal
Extracting, Computing and Exploring the Parameters of Statistical Models using R
Lüdecke D., Ben-Shachar M., Patil I., Makowski D.
The Journal of Open Source Software Open Access , 
2020-09-09,  citations by CoLab: 257 ,  Abstract  
The recent growth of data science is partly fueled by the ever-growing amount of data and the joint important developments in statistical modeling, with new and powerful models and frameworks becoming accessible to users. Although there exist some generic functions to obtain model summaries and parameters, many package-specific modeling functions do not provide such methods to allow users to access such valuable information.
Taylor & Francis
Universality of the Triangular Theory of Love: Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Triangular Love Scale in 25 Countries
Sorokowski P., Sorokowska A., Karwowski M., Groyecka A., Aavik T., Akello G., Alm C., Amjad N., Anjum A., Asao K., Atama C.S., Atamtürk Duyar D., Ayebare R., Batres C., Bendixen M., et. al.
Journal of Sex Research scimago Q1 wos Q1 , 
2020-08-12,  citations by CoLab: 38 ,  Abstract  
The Triangular Theory of Love (measured with Sternberg’s Triangular Love Scale – STLS) is a prominent theoretical concept in empirical research on love. To expand the culturally homogeneous body of...
MDPI
Can Information about Pandemics Increase Negative Attitudes toward Foreign Groups? A Case of COVID-19 Outbreak
Sorokowski P., Groyecka A., Kowal M., Sorokowska A., Białek M., Lebuda I., Dobrowolska M., Zdybek P., Karwowski M.
Sustainability scimago Q1 wos Q2 Open Access , 
2020-06-16,  citations by CoLab: 63 ,  PDF,  Abstract  
Pathogen threat can translate into a willingness to distance oneself from others on a psychological level. Building on this notion, we predicted that the ongoing coronavirus pandemic can affect attitudes toward foreign nationalities. We explored the intergroup consequences of the current epidemiological situation in two studies involving a total of 652 participants. In correlational Study 1, we showed a positive relationship between media exposure in the United Kingdom (UK) and in Poland, and prejudice to four foreign nationalities. Study 2 showed that negative affect toward Italians (i.e., a nation struggling with the most severe COVID-19 outbreak at the time of the study) was indirectly predicted by exposure to news about coronavirus through the increase in anxiety, but this effect was not observed when a generalized measure of prejudice was considered. Overall, our studies revealed that prejudice and anxiety are sensitive to the current epidemiological situation, and our findings suggest that the outbreak of COVID-19 may translate into severe social consequences and increased psychological distancing to nations most affected by the pandemic.
Frontiers Media S.A.
Reasons for Facebook Usage: Data From 46 Countries
Kowal M., Sorokowski P., Sorokowska A., Dobrowolska M., Pisanski K., Oleszkiewicz A., Aavik T., Akello G., Alm C., Amjad N., Anjum A., Asao K., Atama C.S., Atamtürk Duyar D., Ayebare R., et. al.
Frontiers in Psychology scimago Q2 wos Q2 Open Access , 
2020-04-30,  citations by CoLab: 23 ,  PDF, 
SAGE
Sex Differences in Mate Preferences Across 45 Countries: A Large-Scale Replication
Walter K.V., Conroy-Beam D., Buss D.M., Asao K., Sorokowska A., Sorokowski P., Aavik T., Akello G., Alhabahba M.M., Alm C., Amjad N., Anjum A., Atama C.S., Atamtürk Duyar D., Ayebare R., et. al.
Psychological Science scimago Q1 wos Q1 , 
2020-03-20,  citations by CoLab: 184 ,  Abstract  
Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives—an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective—offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country sample ( N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for universal sex differences in preferences remains robust: Men, more than women, prefer attractive, young mates, and women, more than men, prefer older mates with financial prospects. Cross-culturally, both sexes have mates closer to their own ages as gender equality increases. Beyond age of partner, neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries.
When in Danger, Turn Right: Does Covid-19 Threat Promote Social Conservatism and Right-Wing Presidential Candidates?
Karwowski M., Kowal M., Groyecka A., Białek M., Lebuda I., Sorokowska A., Sorokowski P.
2020-01-01,  citations by CoLab: 47 , 
Springer Nature
Contrasting Computational Models of Mate Preference Integration Across 45 Countries
Conroy-Beam D., Buss D.M., Asao K., Sorokowska A., Sorokowski P., Aavik T., Akello G., Alhabahba M.M., Alm C., Amjad N., Anjum A., Atama C.S., Duyar D.A., Ayebare R., Batres C., et. al.
Scientific Reports scimago Q1 wos Q1 Open Access , 
2019-11-15,  citations by CoLab: 38 ,  PDF,  Abstract  
Humans express a wide array of ideal mate preferences. Around the world, people desire romantic partners who are intelligent, healthy, kind, physically attractive, wealthy, and more. In order for these ideal preferences to guide the choice of actual romantic partners, human mating psychology must possess a means to integrate information across these many preference dimensions into summaries of the overall mate value of their potential mates. Here we explore the computational design of this mate preference integration process using a large sample of n = 14,487 people from 45 countries around the world. We combine this large cross-cultural sample with agent-based models to compare eight hypothesized models of human mating markets. Across cultures, people higher in mate value appear to experience greater power of choice on the mating market in that they set higher ideal standards, better fulfill their preferences in choice, and pair with higher mate value partners. Furthermore, we find that this cross-culturally universal pattern of mate choice is most consistent with a Euclidean model of mate preference integration.
Elsevier
Assortative mating and the evolution of desirability covariation
Conroy-Beam D., Roney J.R., Lukaszewski A.W., Buss D.M., Asao K., Sorokowska A., Sorokowski P., Aavik T., Akello G., Alhabahba M.M., Alm C., Amjad N., Anjum A., Atama C.S., Atamtürk Duyar D., et. al.
Evolution and Human Behavior scimago Q1 wos Q1 , 
2019-09-01,  citations by CoLab: 32 ,  Abstract  
Mate choice lies close to differential reproduction, the engine of evolution. Patterns of mate choice consequently have power to direct the course of evolution. Here we provide evidence suggesting one pattern of human mate choice—the tendency for mates to be similar in overall desirability—caused the evolution of a structure of correlations that we call the d factor. We use agent-based models to demonstrate that assortative mating causes the evolution of a positive manifold of desirability, d, such that an individual who is desirable as a mate along any one dimension tends to be desirable across all other dimensions. Further, we use a large cross-cultural sample with n = 14,478 from 45 countries around the world to show that this d-factor emerges in human samples, is a cross-cultural universal, and is patterned in a way consistent with an evolutionary history of assortative mating. Our results suggest that assortative mating can explain the evolution of a broad structure of human trait covariation.
Wiley
A Meta‐Analysis of the Relationship between Curiosity and Creativity
Schutte N.S., Malouff J.M.
Journal of Creative Behavior scimago Q1 wos Q2 , 
2019-07-10,  citations by CoLab: 50 , 

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