The Review of Laser Engineering
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journal names
The Review of Laser Engineering
Top-3 citing journals
The Review of Laser Engineering
(226 citations)

Applied Optics
(108 citations)
Top-3 organizations

Osaka University
(970 publications)

University of Tokyo
(308 publications)

RIKEN-Institute of Physical and Chemical Research
(292 publications)

Osaka University
(40 publications)

University of Tokyo
(20 publications)

RIKEN-Institute of Physical and Chemical Research
(12 publications)
Most cited in 5 years
Found
Publications found: 1455

Triboluminescence
Nevshupa R., Hiratsuka K., Tukhbatullin A., Sharipov G.
This work seeks to summarize recent advances in experimental studying of triboluminescence and elucidate the basic mechanisms whereby triboluminescence is excited.

Early-Stage Wear of Polymer Surfaces and Layered Materials Scraped by a Nanotip
Gnecco E., Khaksar H., Mazo J.J.
In this chapter we describe two representative applications of atomic force microscopy to investigating early-stage wear on polymeric surfaces and layered materials on the nanoscale. Ripples and exfoliated flakes or chips are the most typical surface structures obtained in each case. On polymers the ripple formation can be interpreted within the Prandtl-Tomlinson mechanism for atomic-scale friction with the evolving surface profile defining the energy landscape sensed by the scanning probe. If the scratching is repeated, nanoplastic particles are extruded from the crests of the ripples and displaced from the places where they were formed. Layered materials are exfoliated all along the scanned track, with the wear products either folded or bent depending on the thickness of the worn material. On multilayer surfaces, but not on monolayers, stick–slip is also observed in the friction force signal acquired while scratching.

Frictional Characteristics of Graphene on Textured Surfaces
Tripathi M., Iyengar S.A., Hasan-ur Rahman M., Gadhamshetty V., Ajayan P.M., Dalton A.B.
The significance of graphene and other 2D materials as solid-state lubricants has been known for a decade. These atomically thin sheets contain sensitive surface atoms that are responsible for unique frictional characteristics that mainly depend on the nature of the underlying substrates. Thus, interfacial interactions between atomically thin sheets and engineered surfaces enhances interfacial adhesion force and induces strain in the sheets are useful for tuning the friction behaviour. This degree of regulation offers phenomenal advantages in nanoscale electromechanical systems and nanoscale robotics, where a moving mechanical system is needed. The present chapter discusses the importance of straining 2D materials for friction force regulation through engineered surfaces. Several sophisticated methodologies for preparing textured surfaces are highlighted, and modern characterisation techniques, including machine learning tools, which are useful for analysing strain and mechanics in 2D materials, are discussed. Using graphene as a case study, several results from nanoscale friction force microscopy on engineered surface are presented.

The (Grain) Boundaries of Structural Superlubricity
Hod O., Urbakh M., Berman D.
Structural superlubricity, a state of ultra-low friction and wear arising from incommensurability between contacting surfaces, is an intriguing physical phenomenon that holds promise for the significant reduction of energy loss and material damage in mechanical systems. One of the most prominent realizations of superlubric motion is demonstrated for nano- and micro-scale heterogeneous layered material contacts and their twisted homogeneous counterparts. On the route to scaling up superlubricity stand a few obstacles. In this chapter, we focus on the effect of grain boundaries, which inevitably emerge in large-scale layered material contacts, on their frictional properties. New frictional mechanisms associated with grain boundaries, such as shear induced buckling and unbuckling of corrugated dislocations and moiré superstructure scattering, are discussed. These, in turn, are characterized by unique frictional behavior, including nonmonotonic dependence on normal load, sliding velocity, and temperature that can be harnessed to restore structural superlubricity at increasing length-scales.

“Surface Forces Apparatus in Nanotribology”
Drummond C., Ruths M.
The Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) has proven to be an excellent tool for studies in nanotribology. The normal load, contact area, and sliding velocity between the surfaces can be controlled and unambiguously measured with higher accuracy than in any conventional tribometer. Furthermore, an image of the surfaces in contact can be obtained as the surfaces are slid, allowing the monitoring of the real size and shape of the contact area and the distance or film thickness profile between the surfaces when atomically smooth surfaces are used. It is relatively simple to perform a comprehensive exploration of the full parameter space to determine the important variables in the frictional behavior of the system. In this chapter, the principles of operation and some experimental details of the Surface Forces Apparatus nanotribometer are described.

Molecular Tribology: Chemically Engineering Energy Dissipation at the Nanoscale
Gutiérrez-Varela O., Pawlak R., Prampolini G., Meyer E., Vilhena J.G.
Friction is a phenomenon which is present in our everyday life although we tend to remember it only when it is nearly absent such as when “slipping on ice”. Its presence across disparate length scales (earthquakes, car engines down to molecular machines) reminds us of its ubiquity which endows friction of an utmost practical importance. Therefore, attempts to control it are almost as old as civilization and intrinsically tied to our technological progress. Interestingly, during the past decades we have witnessed a growing progress in miniaturization of devices down to the nanometer scale. “Special problems occur when things get small […] and it might turn out to be advantages if we knew how to design for them”, said Feynman when discussing the prospects of building “infinitesimal machinery”. To achieve this goal, and to design efficient molecular nano-engines, it becomes imperative to unveil the non-equilibrium processes governing friction and energy dissipation at a molecular level. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in understanding nanoscale friction and the role of internal molecular degrees of freedom in controlling energy dissipation during friction. We discuss how recent advancements in experimental techniques, particularly those linked to Scanning Probe Microscopy, have significantly enhanced our comprehension of the mechanical characteristics of individual molecules and their influence on dissipation processes. We delve into how these internal degrees of freedom facilitate control over energy dissipation, unlocking various pathways to achieve different applications at the nanoscale, such as superlubric states through molecular flexibility. Furthermore, we analyze potential applications of the energy dissipation pathways in novel mechanisms for achieving controlled locomotion of molecular machines.

Atomic-Scale Friction on Crystal Surfaces in Ultra-High Vacuum
Song Y., Maier S., Gnecco E., Meyer E.
This chapter reviews friction force microscopy investigations on single-asperity sliding contacts in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). The atomic-scale stick–slip observed under such conditions can be converted into a superlubric regime of motion by reducing the normal load and/or applying ultrasonic vibrations. Thermal vibrations and sliding direction (on a crystal surface) also influence the friction. The empirical Prandtl-Tomlinson (PT) model is introduced, which explains well the main experimental observations. The scenario is more complicated on two-dimensional (2D) materials, where the puckering effect explains the difference in friction observed on monolayers versus multiple layers. The moiré patterns formed on them are also influenced by elastic deformation, which can lead to significantly larger dissipation than that due to atomic stick–slip alone.

Towards Application of Microscale Structural Superlubricity
Ma M., Zheng Q.
Structural superlubricity (SSL), a state of near-zero friction and no wear between contacting solid surfaces, offers a disruptive approach to minimizing friction and wear. Recent years have seen a surge in SSL research, expanding its focus from fundamental science to practical applications, where the realization of robust microscale SSL play a key role. This chapter summarizes the recent advancements in SSL, with a particular emphasis on aspects that promote practical applications. These include SSL electrical contacts, SSL-based generators, the stability of SSL systems, and the environmental impact of SSL.

Dissipation at Large Separations
Kisiel M., Langer M., Gysin U., Rast S., Yildiz D., Meyer E., Lee D.
When two macroscopic bodies slide in contact, energy is dissipated due to friction. Sometimes it is desired, like in case of brakes in the bicycle, sometimes unwelcome—when you ask yourself why your automated coffee machine broke for the third time. In nanoscale, a tiny friction force is present when bodies in relative motion are separated by a few nanometer gap. This non-contact form of friction might be successfully measured by highly sensitive cantilever oscillating like a tiny pendulum over the surface. The elusive non-contact friction might arise due to vdW interaction, which is mediated by the long-range electromagnetic field or in many cases by fluctuations of static surface charges arising from material inhomogeneities. The huge dissipation might also originate from hysteretic switching of the studied material under the external action of the oscillating probe. In this chapter several experiments reporting on non-contact friction are discussed. First the Joule dissipation channel is discussed. Next we report on non-contact friction measurement over metal—superconductor transition, which allows to distinguish between phononic and electronic contribution to friction. Energy dissipation over a phase transition is further demonstrated on SrTiO3 crystal undergoing structural change. Next the non-contact friction due to switching of the charge density wave is discussed. Finally a energy dissipation due to single electron charging is reported on oxygen deficient SrTiO3 and topologically protected Bi2Te3 crystals. Interestingly the energy losses due to the single electron charging on Bi2Te3 surface are observed due to the protected character of the surface.

Friction Force Microscopy
Bennewitz R.
Friction force microscopy is a key experimental method in nanotribology. The tip of an atomic force microscope is moved in contact over a surfaces and friction forces are detected as deflection of a micro-mechanical force sensor. While the method appears simple, special care must be taken to calibrate the force sensor and to understand the challenges in bridging the gap between molecular forces and macroscopic experiment. We discuss experimental procedures such as measurements of friction as function of load or of temperature, and on inhomogeneous materials. The chapter ends with an overview of dynamic measurements of friction, where the tip is oscillated laterally in contact or above the surface to probe dissipative interactions with the highest sensitivity.

In Operando Formation of Layered Materials for Friction Reduction
Ferrario M., Righi M.C.
Friction and wear result in massive energy and environmental costs. The technologies nowadays available to reduce these costs are based on materials and intense research efforts are being devoted to improving the efficiency of lubricants. Among them 2D materials have emerged as promising alternative to liquid lubricants as they can provide extremely low friction at a potentially much lower environmental impact as they do not require the use of petroleum oils. Moreover, they are particularly suited for lubricating tribological systems where the use of liquid lubricants is not possible, such as those operating in vacuum, high-temperature or at the nanoscale. While the friction coefficients provided by the 2D materials can reach super-low values in mild conditions, higher pressures applications often suffer from the need of replenishment into the wear tracks. A smart solution to overcome this problem is represented by the possibility to synthesize the slippery layers in operando conditions through tribochemical reactions involving molecules made available in the tribological environment as gases, powders or additives in liquid media. The present chapter offers an overview on the state-of-the art knowledge on mechanochemical/tribochemical synthesis and the in-silico experiments based on ab initio molecular dynamics that can be performed to monitor in real time the formation of 2D tribofilms. Two case studies are also described that concerns the tribological synthesis of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides layers.

Ultrasonic Atomic Force Microscopies in Nanotribology
Ma C., Arnold W.
In this chapter ultrasonic atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques are discussed, which are dynamic AFMs working in contact mode that combine the excitation and detection of ultrasonic vibrations. Ultrasonic AFMs are widely used for quantitative mechanical property measurements and for non-destructive subsurface imaging. Here, we concentrate on the applications of ultrasonic AFMs in nanotribology studies. We will first introduce the working principles of ultrasonic AFMs, and then describe their applications in measuring surface properties and friction. Finally, we will summarize the use of ultrasonic AFMs to study and induce friction reduction and wear elimination.

Sliding Friction in Liquid Environments at the Nanoscale
Berkovich R., An R., Gnecco E.
Friction Force Microscopy (FFM) conducted in liquid environment proves to be a highly effective method for investigating atomic-scale friction on crystalline surfaces. It can probe friction between surface atoms while also providing sublattice resolution, opening doors to new areas of research. The observed similarity in FFM measurements conducted in liquid environments and Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) is attributed to the lack of capillary bridges in both settings. These bridges usually increase adhesion between the scanning probe and the sample, resulting in surface wear during imaging in ambient conditions. We review various instances of nanotribological phenomena occurring on crystalline surfaces within different liquid environments—specifically water, ethanol, and ionic liquids—as studied by the authors of this chapter. We discuss the influence of the damping state of the sliding contact in the presence of liquids, which is reflected by variations in the slip length of the scanning probe. Finally, we showcase how FFM can be used to investigate sliding friction in ionic liquids. This approach allows us to probe the fascinating interplay between friction at the nanoscale and the unique nanostructures formed by confined ionic liquids.

Nanoisland Manipulation Experiments at Oxidized, Contaminated and Nanorough Interfaces: Structural Superlubricity and Directional Locking
Oo W.H., Özoğul A., Krok F., Gnecco E., Baykara M.Z.
This chapter reports on atomic force microscopy based nano-manipulation experiments performed on noble metal nanoislands (gold and platinum), which were previously shown to exhibit structurally superlubric sliding under ambient conditions on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Experiments performed on oxidized platinum nanoislands on HOPG demonstrate an increase in interfacial shear stress when compared with non-oxidized islands, but not a breakdown of structural superlubricity. In addition, an effect reminiscent of contact aging is observed on a sample system that comprises gold nanoislands on HOPG, which interestingly is suppressed in the presence of environmental contamination. Nanomanipulation of gold islands is also performed on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Here, the high degree of commensurability at the interface does not result in superlubricity, but rather in a specific “directional locking” effect. The effect was observed not only on freshly cleaved flat surfaces but also on bilayers grown on a nanorough silicon wafer, where atomic-scale resolution of the complex cross-section of the system could be achieved using HAADF-STEM.

Micro- and Nanotribology at the Insect-Plant Interface
Gorb E.V., Gorb S.N.
As a result of evolutionary arm race between insects and plants, numerous plant surfaces that reduce insect attachment have been evolved. These surfaces provide an effective repelling effect against herbivores, sap-sucking insects and nectar robbers due to the reduction of adhesive and frictional forces in contact between the plant surface and insect attachment devices. This review summarizes literature data and own results on tribological aspects of insect-plant interactions. First, we provide a short introduction to attachment systems of insects. Second, tribological effects of three-dimensional micro- and nanoscopical epicuticular waxes of plants are demonstrated. The contact force reduction mechanisms of plant wax structures (roughness effect, contamination effect, fluid-adsorption effect, and wax-dissolving hypothesis) and their potential implications for biology, agriculture and engineering are discussed.
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Architectural Institute of Japan
1 citation, 0.03%
|
|
Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan
1 citation, 0.03%
|
|
Forensic Science Society
1 citation, 0.03%
|
|
American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT)
1 citation, 0.03%
|
|
1 citation, 0.03%
|
|
Brazilian Microwave and Optoelectronics Society
1 citation, 0.03%
|
|
China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation
1 citation, 0.03%
|
|
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
1 citation, 0.03%
|
|
Show all (70 more) | |
100
200
300
400
500
600
|
Publishing organizations
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
|
|
Osaka University
970 publications, 14.36%
|
|
University of Tokyo
308 publications, 4.56%
|
|
RIKEN-Institute of Physical and Chemical Research
292 publications, 4.32%
|
|
Keio University
219 publications, 3.24%
|
|
Tokyo Institute of Technology
168 publications, 2.49%
|
|
Tohoku University
166 publications, 2.46%
|
|
Kyoto University
151 publications, 2.23%
|
|
Japan Science and Technology Agency
149 publications, 2.21%
|
|
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
136 publications, 2.01%
|
|
Kyushu University
134 publications, 1.98%
|
|
Nagoya University
131 publications, 1.94%
|
|
University of Electro-Communications
119 publications, 1.76%
|
|
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
118 publications, 1.75%
|
|
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
105 publications, 1.55%
|
|
Nippon Electric Company
96 publications, 1.42%
|
|
Tokai University
92 publications, 1.36%
|
|
Hokkaido University
89 publications, 1.32%
|
|
Toshiba Corporation
88 publications, 1.3%
|
|
Institute for Molecular Science
87 publications, 1.29%
|
|
University of Fukui
87 publications, 1.29%
|
|
Osaka Metropolitan University
63 publications, 0.93%
|
|
Chiba University
59 publications, 0.87%
|
|
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
58 publications, 0.86%
|
|
Nihon University
55 publications, 0.81%
|
|
University of Miyazaki
55 publications, 0.81%
|
|
Shizuoka University
49 publications, 0.73%
|
|
Fujitsu Limited
46 publications, 0.68%
|
|
University of Tsukuba
45 publications, 0.67%
|
|
Kobe University
42 publications, 0.62%
|
|
National Defense Medical College
36 publications, 0.53%
|
|
Kansai University
32 publications, 0.47%
|
|
Aichi Institute of Technology
32 publications, 0.47%
|
|
Tokyo University of Science
28 publications, 0.41%
|
|
Gifu University
28 publications, 0.41%
|
|
National Institute for Environmental Studies
27 publications, 0.4%
|
|
Yamagata University
27 publications, 0.4%
|
|
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
25 publications, 0.37%
|
|
Sony Group Corporation
25 publications, 0.37%
|
|
Yokohama National University
24 publications, 0.36%
|
|
Hiroshima University
24 publications, 0.36%
|
|
Shinshu University
24 publications, 0.36%
|
|
Osaka Electro-Communication University
24 publications, 0.36%
|
|
National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology
23 publications, 0.34%
|
|
National Defense Academy of Japan
23 publications, 0.34%
|
|
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
22 publications, 0.33%
|
|
Saitama University
22 publications, 0.33%
|
|
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
22 publications, 0.33%
|
|
Waseda University
20 publications, 0.3%
|
|
Osaka Institute of Technology
19 publications, 0.28%
|
|
Ibaraki University
18 publications, 0.27%
|
|
Soka University
18 publications, 0.27%
|
|
Tohoku Institute of Technology
18 publications, 0.27%
|
|
Chubu University
17 publications, 0.25%
|
|
University of Hyogo
16 publications, 0.24%
|
|
Kanazawa University
15 publications, 0.22%
|
|
Tokyo Metropolitan University
15 publications, 0.22%
|
|
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
15 publications, 0.22%
|
|
Saga University
15 publications, 0.22%
|
|
Kyoto Institute of Technology
15 publications, 0.22%
|
|
National Institute for Materials Science
14 publications, 0.21%
|
|
Ritsumeikan University
14 publications, 0.21%
|
|
Meijo University
14 publications, 0.21%
|
|
Utsunomiya University
14 publications, 0.21%
|
|
Nara Institute of Science and Technology
13 publications, 0.19%
|
|
Toyohashi University of Technology
13 publications, 0.19%
|
|
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
12 publications, 0.18%
|
|
Nippon Steel Corporation (Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation)
12 publications, 0.18%
|
|
Toyota Technological Institute
12 publications, 0.18%
|
|
National Institute for Fusion Science
12 publications, 0.18%
|
|
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
12 publications, 0.18%
|
|
Tokyo Denki University
11 publications, 0.16%
|
|
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
11 publications, 0.16%
|
|
Kagawa University
11 publications, 0.16%
|
|
Mie University
11 publications, 0.16%
|
|
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
10 publications, 0.15%
|
|
Doshisha University
10 publications, 0.15%
|
|
Kwansei Gakuin University
10 publications, 0.15%
|
|
Panasonic Holdings Corporation
9 publications, 0.13%
|
|
Okayama University
9 publications, 0.13%
|
|
Kumamoto University
9 publications, 0.13%
|
|
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
9 publications, 0.13%
|
|
Ehime University
9 publications, 0.13%
|
|
Muroran Institute of Technology
9 publications, 0.13%
|
|
Chiba Institute of Technology
9 publications, 0.13%
|
|
Toyota Motor Corporation
8 publications, 0.12%
|
|
Tokushima University
8 publications, 0.12%
|
|
Gunma University
8 publications, 0.12%
|
|
Meteorological Research Institute
8 publications, 0.12%
|
|
Tokyo Medical University
7 publications, 0.1%
|
|
Los Alamos National Laboratory
7 publications, 0.1%
|
|
Kyushu Institute of Technology
7 publications, 0.1%
|
|
Kindai University
7 publications, 0.1%
|
|
University of Yamanashi
7 publications, 0.1%
|
|
Yamaguchi University
7 publications, 0.1%
|
|
Fukuoka University
7 publications, 0.1%
|
|
Sophia University
7 publications, 0.1%
|
|
Nagaoka University of Technology
7 publications, 0.1%
|
|
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
6 publications, 0.09%
|
|
Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
6 publications, 0.09%
|
|
Niigata University
6 publications, 0.09%
|
|
Show all (70 more) | |
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
|
Publishing organizations in 5 years
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
|
|
Osaka University
40 publications, 13.11%
|
|
University of Tokyo
20 publications, 6.56%
|
|
RIKEN-Institute of Physical and Chemical Research
12 publications, 3.93%
|
|
Kyoto University
9 publications, 2.95%
|
|
Tohoku University
9 publications, 2.95%
|
|
Japan Science and Technology Agency
9 publications, 2.95%
|
|
National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology
8 publications, 2.62%
|
|
Keio University
7 publications, 2.3%
|
|
Tokyo Institute of Technology
6 publications, 1.97%
|
|
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
5 publications, 1.64%
|
|
Chiba University
5 publications, 1.64%
|
|
Kyushu University
4 publications, 1.31%
|
|
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
4 publications, 1.31%
|
|
University of Miyazaki
4 publications, 1.31%
|
|
Shizuoka University
4 publications, 1.31%
|
|
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
3 publications, 0.98%
|
|
Tokyo Denki University
3 publications, 0.98%
|
|
Kobe University
3 publications, 0.98%
|
|
Hiroshima University
3 publications, 0.98%
|
|
Kindai University
3 publications, 0.98%
|
|
Toyota Motor Corporation
3 publications, 0.98%
|
|
University of Electro-Communications
3 publications, 0.98%
|
|
National Institute for Fusion Science
3 publications, 0.98%
|
|
University of Tsukuba
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
Yokohama National University
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
Hokkaido University
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
Purdue University
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
Sony Group Corporation
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
Shinshu University
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
Tokushima University
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
Chubu University
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
Meiji University
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
Doshisha University
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
Kyoto Institute of Technology
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
Institute for Molecular Science
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
University of Hyogo
2 publications, 0.66%
|
|
Lomonosov Moscow State University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
University of Bordeaux
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Wuhan University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
National Institute for Materials Science
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Kanazawa University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Tokyo University of Science
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Tokyo Metropolitan University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Tokyo Medical University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
University of California, San Diego
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Nagoya University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Leibniz Institute for Crystal Growth
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Tokai University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Kyushu Institute of Technology
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Panasonic Holdings Corporation
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Toshiba Corporation
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Okayama University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
University of Tokyo Hospital
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Osaka Metropolitan University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Nihon University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Kitasato University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Nippon Medical School
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Kagawa University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Mie University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Saitama University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Muroran Institute of Technology
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Chuo University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Sophia University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Saga University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Kwansei Gakuin University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Ibaraki University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
National Defense Medical College
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Utsunomiya University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
University of Fukui
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Tokyo University of Technology
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Toyota Technological Institute
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Akita Prefectural University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Kanagawa University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Hiroshima University Hospital
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Kitami Institute of Technology
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Tamagawa University
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Aichi Institute of Technology
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Czech Technical University in Prague
1 publication, 0.33%
|
|
Show all (55 more) | |
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
|
Publishing countries
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
|
|
Japan
|
Japan, 3177, 47.02%
Japan
3177 publications, 47.02%
|
USA
|
USA, 91, 1.35%
USA
91 publications, 1.35%
|
China
|
China, 33, 0.49%
China
33 publications, 0.49%
|
Germany
|
Germany, 19, 0.28%
Germany
19 publications, 0.28%
|
United Kingdom
|
United Kingdom, 19, 0.28%
United Kingdom
19 publications, 0.28%
|
Republic of Korea
|
Republic of Korea, 18, 0.27%
Republic of Korea
18 publications, 0.27%
|
Iraq
|
Iraq, 15, 0.22%
Iraq
15 publications, 0.22%
|
India
|
India, 10, 0.15%
India
10 publications, 0.15%
|
Russia
|
Russia, 9, 0.13%
Russia
9 publications, 0.13%
|
France
|
France, 6, 0.09%
France
6 publications, 0.09%
|
Philippines
|
Philippines, 5, 0.07%
Philippines
5 publications, 0.07%
|
Kazakhstan
|
Kazakhstan, 2, 0.03%
Kazakhstan
2 publications, 0.03%
|
Belarus
|
Belarus, 2, 0.03%
Belarus
2 publications, 0.03%
|
Egypt
|
Egypt, 2, 0.03%
Egypt
2 publications, 0.03%
|
Indonesia
|
Indonesia, 2, 0.03%
Indonesia
2 publications, 0.03%
|
Italy
|
Italy, 2, 0.03%
Italy
2 publications, 0.03%
|
Canada
|
Canada, 2, 0.03%
Canada
2 publications, 0.03%
|
Czech Republic
|
Czech Republic, 2, 0.03%
Czech Republic
2 publications, 0.03%
|
Austria
|
Austria, 1, 0.01%
Austria
1 publication, 0.01%
|
Hungary
|
Hungary, 1, 0.01%
Hungary
1 publication, 0.01%
|
Denmark
|
Denmark, 1, 0.01%
Denmark
1 publication, 0.01%
|
Malaysia
|
Malaysia, 1, 0.01%
Malaysia
1 publication, 0.01%
|
Mexico
|
Mexico, 1, 0.01%
Mexico
1 publication, 0.01%
|
Norway
|
Norway, 1, 0.01%
Norway
1 publication, 0.01%
|
Singapore
|
Singapore, 1, 0.01%
Singapore
1 publication, 0.01%
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas), 1, 0.01%
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
1 publication, 0.01%
|
Switzerland
|
Switzerland, 1, 0.01%
Switzerland
1 publication, 0.01%
|
Sweden
|
Sweden, 1, 0.01%
Sweden
1 publication, 0.01%
|
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
|
Publishing countries in 5 years
20
40
60
80
100
120
|
|
Japan
|
Japan, 108, 35.41%
Japan
108 publications, 35.41%
|
USA
|
USA, 4, 1.31%
USA
4 publications, 1.31%
|
France
|
France, 1, 0.33%
France
1 publication, 0.33%
|
United Kingdom
|
United Kingdom, 1, 0.33%
United Kingdom
1 publication, 0.33%
|
Czech Republic
|
Czech Republic, 1, 0.33%
Czech Republic
1 publication, 0.33%
|
20
40
60
80
100
120
|