Laboratory for monitoring forest ecosystems

A methodological approach to modeling the distribution of forests in the Caucasus based on spatial analysis and the theory of ecological niches (VAM-model) has been developed. The main abiotic and biotic factors (competition) of localization of dark coniferous, broadleaf, pine and birch forests, as well as the mobility of forest-forming species (accessibility of the environment) are analyzed. The spatial distribution of the main forest-forming species in the Caucasus is determined by the following factors: competitive relationships between species, the ability to settle and abiotic environmental parameters (relief and water regime). Competitive relations between fir and spruce, beech and hornbeam are revealed. The competition between the birch of the vistula and B. Litvinov is expressed. Pine is also a competitor to both types of birch. No strong competitors have been identified for pine.