Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory

The purpose of this project is a detailed analysis of the antimicrobial exometabolite of the B. velezensis strain X-Bio-1 – macrolactin A, as a potential biological product for protecting plants from phytopathogenic bacteria. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been identified and will be solved: 1. To characterize the main physico-chemical and biological properties of macrolactin produced by B. velezensis X-Bio-1, including antimicrobial activity, phyto- and cyto-toxicity, mechanism of action. 2. To evaluate the reaction of the community of soil bacteria, resistome and mobilome to the effects of a natural macrolide antibiotic – macrolactin A.

As part of the implementation of this research area, for the first time: a) the reaction of the soil microbial community (the proportion of fungal and bacterial components of soil biomass, C, N and P microbial biomass, taxonomic microbial diversity, microbial CO2 production, ecophysiological status, metabolic activity, efficiency of use by microorganisms of soil carbon, etc.) and soil enzymes of carbon (chitinase, β-glucosidase, xylonase, cellobiohydrolase, invertase), phosphate (phosphotase) and nitrogen (leucinaminopeptidase, urease) cycles for the introduction of gliotoxin into the soil; b) the dependence of soil enzymatic and microbial activity on residual amounts of gliotoxin was determined; c) it was determined how large and long-lasting the effect of gliotoxin on soil microbiocenosis and the enzyme pool, the time of manifestation of the maximum effect of gliotoxin, the degree and duration of the "violation" of the microbial community.

Microbiological processes occurring in the soil-microbiome-plant system are being investigated when strains of bacteria producing antibiotics are introduced into this system: macrolactin A, bacillomycins, phengicin, 2,4-diacetylfloroglucinol – these antibiotics are well-known but poorly studied metabolites of PGP microorganisms of the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The novelty of these studies lies in gaining new knowledge about the role of antibiotics produced by PGP microorganisms in the intermicrobial interactions occurring in agrocenoses. The specific novelty is determined by the fact that the following questions will be answered: 1) what are the changes in the soil and rhizosphere community of microorganisms when using a biological product that includes an antibiotic producer? 2) what is the contribution of the produced antibiotic in changing the structure and function of the microbiome? 3) what specific changes in the microbiomes of soils and the rhizosphere of plants lead to an increase in plant productivity? 4) how competitive is this producer in the environment and is it possible to increase its survival rate? The practical result of the work is determined by the expansion of the line of consortia of microorganisms – the basis of new microbiological preparations (microbiological fertilizers / biopesticides).

Structural and functional characteristics of antimicrobial substances: features of lethal and sublethal effects on pathogens of bacterial and fungal nature