Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo

Solano-Cabrera C.O., Castro-Villarreal P., Moctezuma R.E., Donado F., Conrad J.C., Castañeda-Priego R.

AbstractColloidal dispersions exhibit rich equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamic properties, self-assemble into diverse structures at different length scales, and display transport behavior under bulk conditions. In confinement or under geometrical restrictions, new phenomena emerge that have no counterpart when the colloids are embedded in an open, noncurved space. In this review, we focus on the effects of confinement and geometry on the self-assembly and transport of colloids and fluidized granular systems, which serve as model systems. Our goal is to summarize experiments, theoretical approximations and molecular simulations that provide physical insight on the role played by the geometry at the mesoscopic scale. We highlight particular challenges, and show preliminary results based on the covariant Smoluchowski equation, that present promising avenues to study colloidal dynamics in a non-Euclidean geometry.

Clavel-Maqueda M., Guzmán-Escorza L.E., Cornejo-Velázquez E., Torres-González M.Á.

Smart Education represents a transformation of traditional education into a more adaptive, responsive and enhanced learning environment in physical and virtual environments enriched by recent digital technologies. In this work, a review of the scientific literature on the evolution of the Smart Education concept was carried out, emphasizing the work frameworks that allow organizing the didactic, pedagogical and technological elements to enable the implementation of a work strategy of this nature. The requirements that the literature points out as indispensable for its implementation and effectiveness are described. It is not only a matter of having the technological resources, which are decisive for the operation, but it is also necessary to plan the conceptual ways of working, to define the integral strategies that allow the development of a smart ecosystem. It highlights the need for training to have the skills of both teachers and students so that equitable and fair access to the benefits of this innovative way of working in education is possible.

Lezama-León E., Lezama-León M.H., Bolaños-Rodríguez E., Chueke G.V.

This chapter of the book explains the role of AI in the optimization of the food supply chain, which have particular characteristics such as their life time that places them as perishable items, likewise, the chapter shows the importance and evolution of studies on this topic, through a documentary research that includes a bibliometric analysis, generating as a result the current outlook and future trends of the application of Artificial Intelligence in supply chains that affect some of the UN sustainable development goals such as zero hunger.

Pérez-Hernández C.C., Montiel-Hernández M.G., Salazar-Hernández B.C.

This paper develops a strategic framework that integrates the theoretical perspectives of evolutionary economic geography and economic complexity to identify green export opportunities. By combining feasibility factors—such as green specialization, relatedness, and trade inertia—with desirability criteria like income, equity, and low emissions, the framework offers a comprehensive approach to identify green export diversification. The empirical application, focused on the Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay), suggests that economies should prioritize green opportunities aligned with their existing capabilities, gradually expanding into higher-risk, higher-return options. The study provides tailored green export diversification portfolios for each country, identifying key opportunities in renewable energy products for Argentina and Brazil, lithium-related inputs for Chile, biofuels for Paraguay, and green hydrogen for Uruguay. These findings offer valuable insights for the design of public policies aimed at fostering green export diversification.

Almeraya-Calderón F., Villegas-Tovar M., Maldonado-Bandala E., Lara-Banda M., Baltazar-Zamora M.A., Landa-Ruiz L., Nieves-Mendoza D., Jaquez-Muñoz J.M., Estupiñan-Lopez F., Cabral-Miramontes J., Olguin-Coca J., Gaona-Tiburcio C.

Precipitation-hardenable stainless steels (PHSSs) are widely used in various applications in the aerospace industry. PHSSs are used in various parts that need to combine mechanical properties with corrosion resistance when aircrafts are in corrosive environments. This study aimed to analyze the corrosion kinetics of CUSTOM 450 and AM 350 stainless steels that were passivated in acid baths for a period of 120 min at temperatures of 25 and 50 °C and then immersed in solutions containing 1 wt. % sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 5 wt. % sodium chloride (NaCl). The electrochemical technique used was cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) based on ASTM G61-86. Microstructural characterization was performed via optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the potentiodynamic polarization curves have two distinct corrosion mechanisms. The immersion of PHSSs in the H2SO4 solution produces an activation–passivation reaction. The NaCl solution has pseudopassivation (unstable passivation film). The values of the icorr current densities in the solutions of sodium chloride and sulfuric acids are between 10−3 and 10−5 mA/cm2; the stainless steels are susceptible to localized pitting corrosion in both test solutions, with positive hysteresis in the CPP.

Amillano-Cisneros J.M., Fuentes-Valencia M.A., Leyva-Morales J.B., Savín-Amador M., Márquez-Pacheco H., Bastidas-Bastidas P.D., Leyva-Camacho L., De la Torre-Espinosa Z.Y., Badilla-Medina C.N.

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food production sector. However, it faces significant challenges, including demand from a growing global population, which is estimated to reach 10.4 billion by the year 2100, disease outbreaks, environmental impacts, and the overuse of antibiotics. To address these issues, sustainable alternatives such as the use of microorganisms (probiotics, bacteriophages, and genetically modified microorganisms) have gained attention. This review examines the effects of these microorganisms on fish aquaculture, focusing on their potential to improve growth, health, and disease resistance while reducing environmental impacts. Probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, have been shown to enhance immune responses, digestive enzyme activity, and nutrient absorption in fish. Bacteriophages offer a promising alternative to antibiotics for controlling bacterial pathogens, with studies demonstrating their efficacy in reducing mortality rates in infected fish. Additionally, genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) have been explored for their ability to produce beneficial compounds, such as enzymes and antimicrobial peptides, which can improve fish health and reduce the need for chemical treatments. Despite their potential, challenges such as regulatory hurdles, public acceptance, and environmental risks must be addressed. This review highlights the importance of further research to optimize the use of microorganisms in aquaculture and underscores their role in promoting sustainable practices. By integrating these biological tools, the aquaculture industry can move towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future.

Molina C.C., Carbajal J., Pérez M.R., Beas E.G., Domínguez I.A., Tapia J.C., Labra M.P., Hernández F.R., García F.L., Guerrero M.U.

PyritePyrite isDepression anPyrite undesirableTrihydroxybenzene sulfide inCollectorless copperCopper, leadFlotation and zinc mineralMineral concentrates. However, due to its natural hydrophobicHydrophobic properties, it floats even during collectorlessCollectorless flotationFlotation. Therefore, in this work, the depressant effect of the concentration of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.2 g/L of trihydroxybenzeneTrihydroxybenzene or pyrogallolPyrogallol (PG) and the acidic and alkalineAlkaline pH, during single-phase pyritePyrite ore collectorlessCollectorless flotationFlotation is investigated. The results found show that FeS2 is depressed at pH 6.0, the concentration of the depressant participates significantly in the process with proportions less than 0.2 g/L, pyritePyrite floats in smaller quantities, and there is an opposite effect with high concentrations of PG, the Iron disulfide is depressed by about 17% w/w at pH 6.0, with a pulp potentialPulp potential of +317 mV. The oxidation–reduction potential measured was referred to as the standard hydrogenHydrogen electrode (SHE).

Pérez-Labra M., Hernández-Ramírez A., Romero-Serrano J.A., Flores-Guerrero M.U., Patiño-Cardona F., Reyes-Pérez M., Cruz-Ramírez A., Barrientos-Hernández F.R., Tapia J.C.

In this research work, the direct roastingRoasting reaction of pure α-spodumene (LiAlSi2O6) with NaFNaF through thermodynamicThermodynamics simulationSimulation using the Equilib module included in the FactSage 8.2 software was studied. The molar ratios (RM) of LiAlSi2O6:NaFNaF: 1:0.5, 1:0.6, 1:0.7, 1:0.8, 1:0.85, 1:1, and 1:2.0 were analyzed in the temperature range (50–1200) °C and pressure of 1 atmosphere to determine the chemical species in equilibrium every 50 °C by Gibbs energy minimization. The most thermodynamically stable chemical species formed in all RMs were: LiF, NaAlSi3O8, and NaAlSiO4. The maximum percentage yield (PY) for the LiF species was 99% in the solid state starting at 250 °C, and in the liquid state at temperatura ≥850 °C for the 1:1 RM, with an excess of NaFNaF of 0.0008%. The obtained results demonstrated that direct roastingRoasting of α-spodumene using NaFNaF is thermodynamically favourable in the studied temperature range, which was confirmed by the formation of lithiumLithium fluoride in the solid or liquid phase and allowed to propose the reaction mechanism.

Medina J.P., Pérez M.R., Beas E.G., Domínguez I.A., Tapia J.C., Labra M.P., Hernández F.R., Reyes G.U., Guerrero M.U.

The global demand andCharacterization growingFlotation consumptionMalachite ofAzurite metallicTenorite copperCopper lead not only to the exploitation of sulfurous mineralMineral deposits but also to the oxidized species, which leads to optimizing the concentration process. In this research, the cumulative flotationFlotation efficiency of a copperCopper mineralMineral containing azuriteAzurite, malachiteMalachite, and tenoriteTenorite is analyzed using the dodecyl amineDodecyl amine C12H27N (DDA) in proportions of 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g/L and at a pH of 10, 11, and 12. The results indicate that the optimal flotationFlotation of copperCopper ore is at pH 12 with a DDA ratio of 0.05 g/L and a pulp potentialPulp potential of 45.6 mV. Higher proportions have no effect on improving the concentration with 89.2% w/w cumulative separationSeparation. With a less alkalineAlkaline flotationFlotation pH value, like 10.0, 83.9% w/w cumulative flotationFlotation is achieved using 0.025 g/L of DDA and a potential of +75.4 mV. The flotationFlotation products were assessed, and the proportion of floated phases was ascertained using X-ray diffraction.

Acosta-Sánchez V., García-Hernández M., Pérez-Labra M., Cruz-Ramírez A., Patiño-Cardona F., Reyes-Pérez M., Juárez-Tapia J.C., Martinez-Soto J.I., Barrientos-Hernández F.R.

In this work the characterizationCharacterization of activated carbonActivated carbon (AC) and clinoptilolite-type zeoliteZeolite (ZC) and the fabrication and characterizationCharacterization of hydroxyapatiteHydroxyapatite (HAp), obtained from heat treatment of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) bone at 900 and 600 °C was carried out. CharacterizationCharacterization included density, zero-point charge (PZC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRDX-ray Diffraction (XRD)), and HRSEM-EDS. PZC results indicated values ​​for AC of 2.04, 2.03 and 2.09 and for ZC of 6.20, 6.17 and 6.18 in samples with a particle size of 53, 44 and 37 µm, respectively. HAp showed a PZC value of 7.40 and 7.49 for the samples obtained at 600 and 900 °C, respectively. All materials indicated density values ​​in the range of 1.68–3.23 g/cm3. XRDX-ray Diffraction (XRD) results indicated a mostly amorphous structure for AC adsorbent. The ZC sample indicated the presence of sodium clinoptilolite, quartzQuartz and feldspars. The Hap sample revealed the presence of β-tricalcium phosphate phase. HRSEM micrographs showed significant differences in the morphology, characterized by particles with flat faceted surfaces and a granular structure. The analysis of the results of AC, ZC, and HAp materials revealed important characteristics for their potential use as adsorbents.

Ortiz R.H., Pérez M.R., Beas E.G., Domínguez I.A., Tapia J.C., Labra M.P., Hernández F.R., Murcia J.Á., Guerrero M.U.

ImportantOxides naturalCopper sourcesFlotation of copperCopper areXanthate theCollector mineralMineral oxidesOxides Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2, Cu2(CO3)(OH)2, and CuO, which are connected to host rocks of the aluminosilicate type. These are concentrated to provide additional value. In this research, the flotationFlotation behavior of copperCopper oxidesOxides azuriteAzurite, malachiteMalachite, and tenoriteTenorite is analyzed using a wide range of potassium amyl xanthateXanthate XAP amounts and pH values. The findings indicate that copperCopper species flotationFlotation reduces with increasing pH. Hence, 89.8% w/w is produced at pH 5.5 and 0.15 g/L of XAP; at a pulp potentialPulp potential of  +272 mV, this value is given in reference to the standard hydrogenHydrogen electrode (SHE).

Monroy D.H., Pérez M.R., Beas E.G., Domínguez I.A., Tapia J.C., Labra M.P., Hernández F.R., García R.E., Guerrero M.U.

PyritePyrite is an iron disulfide (FeS2) associated with base metal sulfides. During flotationFlotation and due to their hydrophobicHydrophobic properties, it occurs abundantly in the concentrate. In this research work, we seek to alter the surface properties of this species to hydrophilic ones by adding tannic acidTannic acid (TA), evaluating the collectorlessCollectorless flotationFlotation of a single phase of FeS2, using different pH values 6.0, 7.0, 9.0 and proportions of AT 50, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/L. The results show that during flotationFlotation in the absence of AT, the pyritePyrite presents hydrophobicHydrophobic properties, obtaining a concentrate with around 35% w/w, the addition of AT and for all the concentrations evaluated depresses the FeS2, when there are 800 mg/L of AT in the pulp, the concentrate obtained contains 12.7% w/w, while with 50 mg/L of AT there is 15.8% w/w, the tests were carried out at oxidizing potentials of +350 mV.

Luna A.H., Pérez M.R., Beas E.G., Domínguez I.A., Tapia J.C., Labra M.P., Hernández F.R., Cruz V.E., Guerrero M.U.

Lead sulfide PbS or galenaGalena isThioglycollate associatedFlotation with multiple species; to efficiently separate it from worthless mineralsMineral, for example, pyritePyrite (FeS2), depressant reagents such as thioglycolate TG are used. In this work, the effect of the amount of TG and pH on the flotationFlotation efficiency of a single mineralMineral phase is explored, to determine whether TG activates or depresses PbS. The results found show that TG improves flotationFlotation compared to tests with only frother agent and with 0.1 g/L xanthateXanthate without TG. This reagent activates the mineralMineral surface and at pH 11 with 0.25 g/L of TG and 0.1 xanthateXanthate, 95% w/w of flotationFlotation is obtained, while for the test without TG, there is only 70% w/w of PbS flotationFlotation. pH values ​​7.7 and 10 similarly improve efficiency, obtaining values ​​of 90% w/w of PbS flotationFlotation in the presence of 0.25 and 0.75 g/L of TG, respectively, and with pulp potentialsPulp potential of +26 mV.

Pérez-Mora S., Ocampo-López J., Gómez-García M.D., Salgado-Hernández S.V., Flores-Martinez Y.M., Pérez-Ishiwara D.G.

Background/Objectives: Alopecia is a hair disorder with a significant impact on quality of life, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. Current therapeutic options are limited and may cause adverse side effects, highlighting the need to develop safer and more effective formulations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a formulation based on the bioactive fraction of Bacopa procumbens (BFNB), conjugated with gold nanoparticles, on hair growth through the modulation of apoptosis in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: The potential biological activities of the secondary metabolites of B. procumbens present in BFNB were analyzed in silico. In vivo experiments evaluated the expression of pro-apoptotic markers p53, caspase 3-p11, caspase 9-p10, and Bax, as well as anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2, through Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry further assessed the expression and localization of some of these markers. Additionally, molecular docking and interactomic analyses were performed, complemented by functional enrichment, to explore molecular pathways modulated by the evaluated proteins. Results: In silico analyses suggested that BFNB metabolites are involved in the modulation of hair growth, hair fragility, and apoptosis. This finding was supported by in vivo experiments in mice, where BFNB significantly decreased the expression of p53, caspase 3-p11, caspase 9-p10, and Bax while increasing Bcl-2 levels. Immunohistochemistry showcased a reduction in pro-apoptotic markers in dermal and follicular bulb cells. Furthermore, molecular docking studies identified BFNB metabolites as potential direct modulators of these key proteins, strengthening evidence of their role in apoptotic regulation. The interactomic analysis highlighted 50 proteins associated with apoptosis, and functional enrichment underscored key processes such as p53 signaling, regulation of the apoptosome, and mitochondrial membrane involvement in the intrinsic apoptosis mechanism, among other pathways. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that BFNB effectively modulates apoptosis through key molecular mechanisms, highlighting its potential as an innovative therapy for promoting hair growth.

Gutiérrez-Baños J.D., Castillo-Rangel C., Rodriguez-Pereira M.I., Ordoñez Granja J., Dávila-Rodríguez D.O., Tovar-Fuentes J., Tovar-Jiménez A.S., Hernández-López J.A.

Background: Optic nerve sheath hemangiomas (ONSHs) are rare vascular tumors from the blood vessels surrounding the optic nerve, accounting for <1% of optic tumors and 0.5% of vascular malformations. Although benign, their location near the optic nerve poses a risk of significant nerve damage and vision loss. Symptoms often include visual disturbances, eye pain, and strabismus, making it difficult to make a diagnosis. Advances in imaging, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have improved early detection and diagnosis. In addition, insights into the molecular mechanisms, including endothelial signaling and angiogenesis, have facilitated the development of more effective treatments, such as targeted therapies and minimally invasive surgical options. Case Description: We present the case of a 57-year-old woman who experienced progressive left-eye swelling, increased tearing, and declining visual acuity. Imaging studies, including MRI and computed tomography scans, revealed a left intraconal mass suggestive of ONSH. A transcranial-modified orbitofrontal approach was employed for tumor resection due to its proximity to vital structures. Postoperative histopathology confirmed hemangioma. At 1-year follow-up, the patient exhibited significant improvement in visual function and resolution of orbital swelling. Conclusion: This case highlights the critical role of surgical intervention in managing ONSHs that threaten visual function and cause mass effects. The transcranial-modified orbitofrontal approach proved effective in providing optimal access for safe tumor resection and improving visual outcomes. Integrating advanced imaging techniques and intraoperative monitoring contributes significantly to enhancing prognosis in ONSH cases.