Universidad Alberto Hurtado

González-Martínez P., García-Pérez-De-Lema D., Castillo-Vergara M.

In a regional innovation ecosystem, society plays a fundamental role in the relationships between companies, universities, and governments. This cooperation model emerges with the quadruple helix, where the influence of civil society in innovation processes and regional systems is visualized. Despite numerous N-Helix models, a significant gap exists in understanding society’s role, necessitating a robust conceptual framework. This study addresses this gap by focusing on society’s role in regional innovation ecosystems within triple and quadruple helix models, advancing innovation dynamics understanding and cooperation insights among companies, universities, governments, and civil society. The research employs a systematic literature review on the N-Helix, examining society’s role in innovation. A two-step methodological approach includes bibliometric analysis from the Web of Science database and a systematic literature review. Three hundred fifty-seven articles were analyzed, addressing questions on the importance of society in N-Helix studies, main research lines, and emerging research areas. In the review, several challenges with civil society stand out in strategic lines defined mainly by their contributions to emerging matters. We organize these strategic lines in three dimensions: management and public policy, users of innovation (relations with the N-Helix), and emerging technologies. This study aids public agents in understanding civil society interactions in regional innovation systems, facilitating more participatory public policies. The participation of civil society is essential for developing and effectively implementing innovation policies. Active involvement in innovation processes positions civil society as a key player, contributing to policy development and implementing multi-helix models, thus enhancing interconnections between government, companies, universities, and civil society.

Zar H.J., Simoes E., Madhi S., Ramilo O., Senders S., Shepard J.S., Laoprasopwattana K., Piedrahita J., Novoa Pizarro J.M., Vargas S.L., Dionne M., Jackowska T., Liu E., Ishihara Y., Ikeda K., et. al.

Abstract Background Clesrovimab is an investigational, long-acting monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting site IV of the fusion protein for the prevention of RSV lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Methods This phase 2b/3 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pivotal study enrolled healthy preterm and full-term infants birth to 1 year of age entering their first RSV season. Participants (pts) were randomized 2:1 to receive clesrovimab (105 mg IM) or placebo on day 1. Safety and tolerability were a primary endpoint. There were two hypothesis-tested endpoints: the efficacy of clesrovimab against RSV-associated medically attended lower respiratory tract infection (MALRI) through day 150 (primary) and against RSV-associated hospitalization through day 150 (secondary). The MALRI definition required ≥1 indicators of lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) or severity. To facilitate comparison across RSV mAb trials, a definition of RSV-associated MALRI that required ≥2 indicators of LRI/severity (≥1 indicator of LRI and ≥1 indicator of severity) was assessed post hoc. Results There were 3,632 pts randomized across 22 countries; >99% received study intervention. RSV-associated efficacy endpoints through day 150 and day 180 are shown in Table 1. Clesrovimab reduced the incidence of RSV-associated MALRI requiring ≥1 indicator of LRI/severity (60.4% [95% CI: 44.1, 71.9], p< 0.001) and ≥2 indicators of LRI/severity (88.0% [95% CI:76.1, 94.0]), RSV hospitalization (84.2% [95% CI: 66.6, 92.6], p< 0.001), and severe MALRI (91.7% [95% CI:62.9, 98.1]) through day 150 postdose compared to placebo. Efficacy increased with increasing RSV-associated disease severity and was similar from days 1-180 compared to days 1-150 across endpoints. The proportions of pts with adverse events (AEs), including injection-site and systemic AEs, drug-related AEs, and serious AEs were comparable between the clesrovimab and placebo groups (Table 2). There were no treatment-related deaths or deaths attributed to RSV disease. Conclusion A single dose of clesrovimab given before or during the first RSV season was efficacious in reducing RSV-associated MALRI and RSV-associated hospitalization in healthy preterm and full-term infants and was generally well tolerated with a safety profile comparable to placebo. Disclosures Heather J. Zar, PhD, MSD, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna (DSMB): Advisor/Consultant|MSD, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna (DSMB): Grant/Research Support|MSD, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna (DSMB): Honoraria|MSD, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna (DSMB): MSD Principal Investigator for the study and on MSD Advisory Board Eric Simoes, MD DCH, Pfizer, Sanofi, Merck, Icosavax, Enanta Cidara, Adiagio, Nuance, Shionogi, GIlead,: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer, Sanofi, Merck, Icosavax, Enanta Cidara, Adiagio, Nuance, Shionogi, GIlead,: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Sanofi, Merck, Icosavax, Enanta Cidara, Adiagio, Nuance, Shionogi, GIlead,: Honoraria|Pfizer, Sanofi, Merck, Icosavax, Enanta Cidara, Adiagio, Nuance, Shionogi, GIlead,: MSD - PI for this study; DSMB Abbvie, Moderna, GSK Sabhir Madhi, MD, Pfizer, GSK, Medimmune, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, GSK, Medimmune, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Honoraria Octavio Ramilo, MD, Pfizer, Sanofi, Gates Foundation, NIH, and Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer, Sanofi, Gates Foundation, NIH, and Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Sanofi, Gates Foundation, NIH, and Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Honoraria|Pfizer, Sanofi, Gates Foundation, NIH, and Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): SAC member for MSD Shelly Senders, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Principal Investigator Julie S. Shepard, MD, MPH, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Principal Investigator Kamolwish Laoprasopwattana, MD, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Grant/Research Support|Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: MSD - PI for this study Jorge Piedrahita, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Principal Investigator Jose M. Novoa Pizarro, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Principal Investigator for the study for MSD Sergio L. Vargas, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Principal Investigator Marc Dionne, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Principal Investigator Teresa Jackowska, MD, MSD Poland, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA: Advisor/Consultant|MSD Poland, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA: Grant/Research Support|MSD Poland, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA: Honoraria|MSD Poland, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA: MSD - PI for this study Enmei Liu, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Principal Investigator Yasunori Ishihara, MD, PhD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Principal Investigator Kazushige Ikeda, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Principal Investigator Ying Zhang, PhD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Employee|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Radha A. Railkar, PhD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, US (MSD): Employee|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, US (MSD): Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Jeannine Lutkiewicz, BS, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Employee|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Andrew W. Lee, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Employee at the time of study|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Andrea Guerra, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Employee|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA: Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Anushua Sinha, MD, MPH, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Employee|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Stocks/Bonds (Public Company)

Zar H.J., Bont L.J., Manzoni P., Munoz F.M., Ramilo O., Chen P., Novoa Pizarro J.M., Ordonez G.A., Tsolia M., Tapiero B., Acuña M., Castellanos J.M., Meyer M., Morioka I., Chen Z., et. al.

Abstract Background Clesrovimab is an investigational, long-acting monoclonal antibody for the prevention of RSV lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) in infants, including those at high risk of severe RSV disease due to serious comorbidity or premature birth. Methods This is a planned interim analysis (IA) of a randomized, controlled, phase 3 trial in infants entering their first RSV season recommended to receive palivizumab due to prematurity (≤35 weeks gestational age), chronic lung disease (CLD) of prematurity, or hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (CHD). Participants (pts) were randomized 1:1 to receive clesrovimab (105 mg IM on day 1, placebo on day 28) or monthly palivizumab in season 1; eligible pts received clesrovimab (210 mg IM) in season 2 (Figure 1). The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability of clesrovimab vs. palivizumab in season 1. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of RSV-associated medically attended LRI (MALRI) requiring ≥1 indicator of LRI or severity and of RSV-associated hospitalization through day 150. Clesrovimab serum PK was analyzed through day 150. Results At this IA, 901 pts had been randomized into the trial. Baseline characteristics were well balanced; 28% had CLD, 11% had CHD, and 61% were born preterm without CLD/CHD. In season 1, the proportion of pts with AEs were comparable between arms; no pts in the clesrovimab arm had a drug-related serious AE (Table 1). In the season 2 IA, proportions of pts with AEs were comparable between those who had received clesrovimab or palivizumab in season 1. There were 8 deaths (1.8%) in the clesrovimab and 4 (0.9%) in the palivizumab arm, all attributable to underlying comorbidities or causes unrelated to treatment. No anaphylaxis/hypersensitivity reactions were reported. Incidence rates of RSV-associated MALRI and of RSV-associated hospitalization were comparable between clesrovimab (3.6% and 1.3%, respectively) and palivizumab (3.0% and 1.5%, respectively) through day 150 (Table 2). In season 1, the geometric mean half-life of clesrovimab was 44.1 days (Table 3). Conclusion Clesrovimab was well tolerated in infants at high risk for RSV disease. In season 1, a single dose of clesrovimab had a safety profile and RSV disease incidence rates that were generally comparable to monthly palivizumab. Disclosures Heather J. Zar, PhD, MSD, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna (DSMB): Advisor/Consultant|MSD, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna (DSMB): Grant/Research Support|MSD, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna (DSMB): Honoraria|MSD, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna (DSMB): MSD Principal Investigator for the study and on MSD Advisory Board Louis J. Bont, MD, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Janssen, MeMed Diagnostics, Gates Foundation, GSK, Novavax, Julius Clinical, Ablynx, Bavaria Nordic, Moderna, and MSD: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Janssen, MeMed Diagnostics, Gates Foundation, GSK, Novavax, Julius Clinical, Ablynx, Bavaria Nordic, Moderna, and MSD: Board Member|Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Janssen, MeMed Diagnostics, Gates Foundation, GSK, Novavax, Julius Clinical, Ablynx, Bavaria Nordic, Moderna, and MSD: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Janssen, MeMed Diagnostics, Gates Foundation, GSK, Novavax, Julius Clinical, Ablynx, Bavaria Nordic, Moderna, and MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Janssen, MeMed Diagnostics, Gates Foundation, GSK, Novavax, Julius Clinical, Ablynx, Bavaria Nordic, Moderna, and MSD: Regular interaction with pharmaceutical & other industrial partners.Founding chairman-ReSViNET Foundation.Received minor institutional funding to UMCU Paolo Manzoni, MD, PhD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Advisor/Consultant|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): SAC member for MSD Flor M. Munoz, MD, MSc, Pfizer, DMC-Moderna, Meissa, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Novavax, Gilead, MSD: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer, DMC-Moderna, Meissa, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Novavax, Gilead, MSD: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, DMC-Moderna, Meissa, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Novavax, Gilead, MSD: SAC member for MSD Octavio Ramilo, MD, Pfizer, Sanofi, Gates Foundation, NIH, and Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer, Sanofi, Gates Foundation, NIH, and Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Sanofi, Gates Foundation, NIH, and Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Honoraria|Pfizer, Sanofi, Gates Foundation, NIH, and Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): SAC member for MSD Po-Yen Chen, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Princial Investigator for MSD Jose M. Novoa Pizarro, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Principal Investigator for the study for MSD Gustavo A. Ordonez, MD, Megalabs, Tecnoquimicas SA and MSD: Grant/Research Support|Megalabs, Tecnoquimicas SA and MSD: Honoraria|Megalabs, Tecnoquimicas SA and MSD: Principal Investigator for the study for MSD Maria Tsolia, MD, PhD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Princial Investigator for MSD Bruce Tapiero, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Princial Investigator for MSD Mirta Acuña, MD, Pfizer, Janssen, Sanofi, and MSD: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer, Janssen, Sanofi, and MSD: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Janssen, Sanofi, and MSD: Principal Investigator for Janssen, Sanofi and MSD Javier M. Castellanos, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Princial Investigator for MSD Michael Meyer, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Princial Investigator for MSD Ichiro Morioka, MD, PhD, AstraZeneca K.K.: Honoraria|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Honoraria|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Princial Investigator for MSD|Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation: Honoraria|Pfizer Japan Inc.: Honoraria|Sanofi K.K.: Honoraria|Shino-Test Corporation: Grant/Research Support Ziqiang Chen, PhD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Employee|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Radha A. Railkar, PhD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, US (MSD): Employee|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, US (MSD): Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Xiaowei Zang, PhD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Employee|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Andrea L. Krick, PhD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Employee|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Andrew W. Lee, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Employee at the time of study|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Luis A. Castagnini, MD, MPH, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Employee|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Stocks/Bonds (Public Company) Anushua Sinha, MD, MPH, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Employee|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD): Stocks/Bonds (Public Company)

Piñones E., Jacob-Dazarola R., Soto M., León J., Nikulin C., Vrsalovic Rojas C., Marin T.

This study investigates the impact of conventional versus non-conventional materials on creativity and perceived workload in architectural model-making. Motivated by the need to foster creativity in architectural education, the research hypothesized that unfamiliar materials could stimulate novel design solutions while potentially increasing cognitive and emotional demands. The study was conducted in two phases: defining conventional and non-conventional materials through a survey of architecture professionals and students and a controlled experiment where participants used these materials to create scale models. Creativity was evaluated using Shah’s novelty metric, and workload was measured using the NASA-TLX questionnaire. Results show that models made with non-conventional materials exhibited higher novelty, supporting the hypothesis that unfamiliar materials encourage creative exploration. Surprisingly, perceived workload was lower for non-conventional materials, suggesting that the open-ended nature of the task promoted engagement and alleviated cognitive strain. These findings highlight the potential of non-conventional materials to enhance creativity in architectural education while reducing workload stress, though variability in performance suggests the need for adaptive teaching strategies to support students. Future research should explore how materiality impacts creativity over time in more realistic settings. Additionally, other disciplines supported by physical models during the design process could benefit from similar studies.

Venegas D., Ramm A., Astudillo P., Dinamarca C., Salinas V.

Navarro-Marshall J.

Abstract Families have been subject to enormous transformations with the emergence of artificial reproductive technology and the appearance of donor-conceived children. These new families are challenged to disclose origins with their children and parents feel concern that conception stories might have an emotional impact on their children. Fertility counsellors still feel ill-equipped on what to recommend to parents because developmental psychology has not designed systematic evidence-based guidelines to address a three-dimensional matter: ‘what’, ‘when’, and ‘how’ to discuss conception stories. The argument developed herein is that professionals working with families in fertility clinics, could benefit from understanding these new family conversational processes of origin storytelling from these three perspectives, not only on ‘what’ and ‘when’ but also on the less elaborated ‘how’ to talk about it. For this purpose, understanding elaborative reminiscing as a specific way of talking about the past that helps children to build autobiographical memories and develop their identity might be key.

Angel-Alvarado R., Silva-Ayarza M., Masquiarán-Díaz N.

Humeres M., Cotoras D., Moretti R., Oyarzún-Merino I., Correa T., López C.

According to social studies of artificial intelligence (AI), public AI controversies tend to dissipate relatively quickly despite well-documented risks and harms. The reasons for this lack of controversiality are beginning to be studied. Drawing on the framework of sociotechnical controversies, we analyze the de-escalation of contentious discussions observed in the AI legislative process by Chile's National Congress. Utilizing a qualitative approach, we tracked the deliberations hosted by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of Chile across 51 sessions between 2023 and 2024. We describe three processes of cooling down in the AI debates: (1) deflection of technology liability, (2) instrumentalization of technology policy, and (3) moralization of technology use. However, constructive exchanges appear in some circumstances, which allow us to foresee some favorable conditions for participation in the debates on AI regulation. This paper contributes to AI controversy studies by outlining cooling-down processes and conditions that foster dialogue and providing a critical perspective on the formation of AI regulation.

Guthmann R.R.

This paper develops a dynamic model of price competition where buyers have con- strained consideration sets due to unawareness. There are two sellers: an incumbent, that is initially more well-known among buyers; and an entrant. Awareness is influenced by word-of-mouth: If more buyers choose to shop at a seller, unaware buyers are more likely to discover that seller. In the unique equilibrium, both sellers randomize their pricing strategies, but one seller posts higher expected prices than the other. I show that if the incumbent’s present actions can change the future state of the market to a high enough degree, the incumbent has a strong incentive to undercut the entrant. Thus, this model provides microfoundations for the concept of an “advantage denying” motive and relates it to the empirical finding that time is required for a seller’s demand to grow.

de Jonge L., Georgiadou V., Halikiopoulou D., Kaltwasser C.R., Tanscheit T.

AbstractThe purpose of the Exchange feature is to publish discussions that engage, advance and initiate new debates in the study of nations and nationalism. This Exchange article is on the subject of the global far right. In the first part, Léonie de Jonge and Talita Tanscheit briefly introduce the topic, emphasising the need for such a dialogue. In the remainder of the exchange, Vasiliki Georgiadou, Daphne Halikiopoulou and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser address the following four questions: (1) Is the far right a global phenomenon? (2) What is causing it? (3) What are the implications of the rise of the far right for democracy? (4) What can we learn from comparing Europe and Latin America? By attempting to deprovincialise scholarship on the far right, our goal is to foster cross‐regional dialogue and highlight the importance of comparative research between these two regions.

Ramírez-Olivares E., Castillo-Vergara M., Olivares-Campusano J., Tirado-Flores M.

Small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) mining firms contribute to Chile’s economy. However, more support is needed to improve decision-making, mainly in a context where it is necessary for mining to operate sustainably. Loading and transportation are essential unit operations in mining. Solution-focused supplier companies are joining the market, making selection more difficult. This study suggests a hierarchical analytical process-based multi-criteria analysis. Among what stands out are its simplicity and clarity. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), used in several fields, is a flexible multi-criteria analysis system for complex decision-making. Its development used Expert Choice® software. The results show that the most crucial criterion for selecting loading and transportation equipment suppliers is related to occupational safety and health. The most relevant components are the mortality, accident frequency, and severity rates. Operational indicators are the second most relevant criterion, enabling companies to be more productive and efficient in achieving their objectives. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that, even with variations in the criterion preferences, the fatality rate remains at the top of the hierarchy, showing the robustness of the model used. Contrary to what might be expected, criteria such as the supplier profile do not stand out among the critical factors for the sector.

Salas G., Ardila R., Jacó-Vilela A.M., Pérez-Acosta A.M., Klappenbach H., Scholten H., León R., Piñeda M.A., Ossa J.C., Ferrari F., Arias-Gallegos W., Beria J.S., Polanco F.A., Mardones R.E., Scherman P., et. al.

The main purpose is to provide a defense of the history of psychology at a global (worldwide); however, it is important to consider that this defense arises from Latin America. Given that this panorama is mostly unknown to a large part of psychologists, this article presents itself as an explicit action to foster this discipline by addressing three main issues. Firstly, present some milestones in the journey of the history of psychology at the global with an emphasis on Latin America. Secondly, present a series of critical reflections on the current relevance of this area within the field of psychology. Finally, establish a position in 10 sentences that acts as a defense of the importance of the history of psychology for the psychological discipline on various levels. While the majority of the content presented here is commonly recognized among individuals professionally immersed in historical research within the realm of psychology, it possesses a diminished level of accessibility for students and psychologists not specializing in historical matters. The aim here is not to convince those who are already convinced, but to have an impact beyond the community of specialists that, synergistically, can affect the vast field of psychology in general.

Parrao T., Saguez R., Thumala D., Lillo P., Demanet M., Amieva H., Martínez‐Pernía D., Zitko P., Cerda M., Muniz‐Terrera G., Slachevsky A.

AbstractBackgroundCognitive complaints (CC) refer to a reported experience of cognitive decline and are recognized as a potential precursor to future functional decline and progression to dementia. Identifying individuals with CC may be a valuable opportunity for preventive measures, early detection, and intervention strategies to address dementia risk. However, the characteristics of CC and its associated risk of progression to dementia are highly heterogeneous, influenced significantly by CC identification methods, recruitment approaches, and attrition in longitudinal cohort studies. This study aims to inform the inclusion and attrition processes of the GERO cohort.MethodThe GERO cohort is a prospective cohort study of community‐dwelling elderly individuals with CC without dementia, aged 70 or older, living in Santiago, Chile. In this study, two samples were analyzed (dropout and non‐dropout groups) using logistic regression to assess the variables associated with attrition. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted with dropout as the outcome variable. Prior to the multivariable models, univariate analyses were performed.ResultOut of 17,759 households approached, we successfully recruited 291 participants. Of the individuals initially recruited, 102 participants withdrew before the first follow‐up assessment. The results showed that the non‐dropout group (64.9%) was characterized by being younger (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04‐1.14), had better cognitive status according to the MoCA test (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87‐0.98), had better functionality according to the T‐ADLQ (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04‐1.12), better performance in instrumental ‐IADL‐ (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03‐1.09) and advanced ‐aADL‐ (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.04) dimensions, and better performance on the ECOG test (OR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.13‐4.53) compared to the dropout group (35.1%). In the multivariate logistic regression model, dropout was associated with the performance of instrumental activities of daily living IADL (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.09), whereas the other variables did not exhibit statistical significance (Table 1).ConclusionThe rate of participants included, considering the number of households approached, inform on the difficulties to recruit participants with CC in the community. Functionality in daily life emerged as the key factor associated with the risk of dropout. Furthers research is needed to understand the role of functionality in CC.

Mayol-Troncoso R., Gaspar P.A., Verdugo R., Mariman J.J., Maldonado P.E.

Visual exploration is abnormal in schizophrenia; however, few studies have investigated the physiological responses during selecting objectives in more ecological scenarios. This study aimed to demonstrate that people with schizophrenia have difficulties observing the prominent elements of an image due to a deficit mechanism of sensory modulation (active sensing) during natural vision.

Madhi S.A., Simões E.A., Acevedo A., Novoa Pizarro J.M., Shepard J.S., Railkar R.A., Cao X., Maas B.M., Zang X., Krick A., Roadcap B., Vora K.A., Aliprantis A.O., Lee A.W., Sinha A.

Abstract Background Clesrovimab is an investigational monoclonal antibody with an extended half-life targeting site IV of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein for the prevention of RSV disease in infants. Methods In this phase 1b/2a, double-blind study,183 healthy preterm and full-term infants 2 weeks to 8 months of age were randomized 4:1 within 5 panels (preterm: 20, 50, 75 or 100-mg, full-term: 100 mg) to receive one dose of clesrovimab or placebo. The objectives were to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, serum neutralizing antibodies (SNA), and anti-drug antibodies (ADA). The incidence of RSV-associated endpoints [medically-attended lower respiratory tract infection (MALRI), hospitalization, and acute respiratory infection (ARI)] were also evaluated through 150 days postdose. Results The most common adverse event (AE) through day 14 was irritability; no treatment-related serious AEs were reported. Clesrovimab serum concentrations displayed a geometric mean apparent half-life of 44.9 days. Of participants receiving clesrovimab, 51 (36.7%) developed ADA with no apparent impact in pharmacokinetics. SNA titers increased in a dose-dependent manner at day 150. The incidences of RSV-associated endpoints were lower in infants treated with clesrovimab compared with placebo. Conclusion Clesrovimab was generally well tolerated and exhibited an extended half-life compared to typical IgG1 antibodies supporting its ongoing development in late-stage trials. Clinical Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03524118