The formation of cancer cells results from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations, many of which are influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME plays a critical role in supporting tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Inflammatory signals and the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, and other stromal components contribute to the creation of a favorable environment for tumor progression.

Dynamic interactions between tumor cells and their surrounding stromal cells are increasingly recognized as key drivers of malignancy. One important mechanism involves the transfer of mitochondria and metabolites between tumor and stromal cells, which promotes altered tumor metabolism, enhances disease progression, and influences treatment response. In addition, the microbiota — known to regulate inflammation and immunity — can reshape the TME and significantly impact the efficacy and toxicity of various cancer therapies.

Natural anti-cancer compounds are gaining attention as complementary agents due to their ability to modulate both cancer cells and their microenvironment. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying TME-mediated tumor progression remain poorly understood.

My research is focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that govern tumor-microenvironment interactions, particularly involving MSCs, CAFs, mitochondria-related metabolic changes, and microbiota. By identifying key regulators and therapeutic targets within these pathways, and exploring the potential of natural compounds to interfere with them, my goal is to contribute to the development of more effective and targeted cancer therapies. Understanding and manipulating these microenvironmental factors is a critical step toward advancing translational cancer research.