Lenoir–Rhyne University

Jeyaraj R., Balasubramaniam A., M.A. A.K., Guizani N., Paul A.

The trend of adopting Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare, smart cities, Industry 4.0, and so on is increasing by means of cloud computing, which provides on-demand storage and computation facilities over the Internet. To meet specific requirements of IoT applications, the cloud has also shifted its service offering platform to its next-generation models, such as fog, mist, and dew computing. As a result, the cloud and IoT have become part and parcel of smart applications that play significant roles in improving the quality of human life. In addition to the inherent advantages of advanced cloud models, to improve the performance of IoT applications further, it is essential to understand how the resources in the cloud and cloud-influenced platforms are managed to support various phases in the end-to-end IoT deployment. Considering this importance, in this article, we provide a brief description, a systematic review, and possible research directions on every aspect of resource management tasks, such as workload modeling, resource provisioning, workload scheduling, resource allocation, load balancing, energy management, and resource heterogeneity in such advanced platforms, from a cloud perspective. The primary objective of this article is to help early researchers gain insight into the underlying concepts of resource management tasks in the cloud for IoT applications.

Cahill S.M., Egan B.E., Seber J.

AbstractImportance: Children and youth are often challenged to maintain well-being, positive behavior, and social participation.Objective: To identify evidence for occupational therapy interventions for children and youth with and at risk for mental health concerns.Data Sources: Articles published in English-language peer-reviewed journals between January 2010 and March 2017 identified through searches of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, OTseeker, and Cochrane databases.Study Selection and Data Collection: The methodology in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was used to complete the review. Of 5,310 articles screened by title and abstract, 357 were retrieved for full-text review, and 62 met inclusion criteria. Articles describing interventions that were activity or occupation based were included. Conference proceedings, non–peer reviewed publications, dissertations, theses, and presentations were excluded.Findings: Of the 62 studies included in the review, 20 (32%) were Level I studies, 22 (36%) were Level II studies, and 20 (32%) were Level III studies. Articles were categorized by type: outdoor camps, video and computer games, productive occupations and life skills, meditation, animal-assisted interventions, creative arts, play, sports, and yoga. Moderate to strong evidence supports the use of yoga and sports. Moderate-strength evidence supports the use of play and creative arts. Evidence for the use of animal-assisted interventions, meditation, video and computer games, and productive occupations was of low strength.Conclusion and Relevance: Substantial evidence exists to support the use of activity- and occupation-based interventions to address the mental health, behavioral, and social participation concerns of children and youth. Occupational therapy practitioners should match the desired outcome of therapy with the appropriate intervention to provide the best and most effective services to their clients.What This Article Adds: This review provides additional support for the use of activity- and occupation-based interventions (i.e., those that involve active participation) to improve the behavior, social participation, and mental health of children and youth.

Meehan T.D., Saunders S.P., DeLuca W.V., Michel N.L., Grand J., Deppe J.L., Jimenez M.F., Knight E.J., Seavy N.E., Smith M.A., Taylor L., Witko C., Akresh M.E., Barber D.R., Bayne E.M., et. al.

For many avian species, spatial migration patterns remain largely undescribed, especially across hemispheric extents. Recent advancements in tracking technologies and high-resolution species distribution models (i.e., eBird Status and Trends products) provide new insights into migratory bird movements and offer a promising opportunity for integrating independent data sources to describe avian migration. Here, we present a three-stage modeling framework for estimating spatial patterns of avian migration. First, we integrate tracking and band re-encounter data to quantify migratory connectivity, defined as the relative proportions of individuals migrating between breeding and nonbreeding regions. Next, we use estimated connectivity proportions along with eBird occurrence probabilities to produce probabilistic least-cost path (LCP) indices. In a final step, we use generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) both to evaluate the ability of LCP indices to accurately predict (i.e., as a covariate) observed locations derived from tracking and band re-encounter data sets versus pseudo-absence locations during migratory periods and to create a fully integrated (i.e., eBird occurrence, LCP, and tracking/band re-encounter data) spatial prediction index for mapping species-specific seasonal migrations. To illustrate this approach, we apply this framework to describe seasonal migrations of 12 bird species across the Western Hemisphere during pre- and postbreeding migratory periods (i.e., spring and fall, respectively). We found that including LCP indices with eBird occurrence in GAMMs generally improved the ability to accurately predict observed migratory locations compared to models with eBird occurrence alone. Using three performance metrics, the eBird + LCP model demonstrated equivalent or superior fit relative to the eBird-only model for 22 of 24 species–season GAMMs. In particular, the integrated index filled in spatial gaps for species with over-water movements and those that migrated over land where there were few eBird sightings and, thus, low predictive ability of eBird occurrence probabilities (e.g., Amazonian rainforest in South America). This methodology of combining individual-based seasonal movement data with temporally dynamic species distribution models provides a comprehensive approach to integrating multiple data types to describe broad-scale spatial patterns of animal movement. Further development and customization of this approach will continue to advance knowledge about the full annual cycle and conservation of migratory birds.

Childs M., Turner T., Sneed C., Berry A.

Small retail businesses are particularly vulnerable to turbulence caused from the COVID-19 pandemic. To consider what actions retailer owners/managers can take to maneuver during such trying times, this study investigated leadership qualities associated with managing during times of crisis. Through in-depth interviews with 12 small retail leaders, thematic data analysis revealed an emergence of contingent leadership, including an internal focus on cash flow and employees and an external focus on preserving key stakeholder relationships. Retail leaders displayed a resilient mindset, showing passion, agility, innovation, and relationship development. A conceptual model is proposed to further illustrate findings from the study.

York C.A., Bartol I.K., Krueger P.S., Thompson J.T.

Throughout their lives, squids are both predators and prey for a multitude of animals, many of which are at the top of ocean food webs, making them an integral component of the trophic structure of marine ecosystems. The escape jet, which is produced by the rapid expulsion of water from the mantle cavity through a funnel, is central to a cephalopod's ability to avoid predation throughout its life. Although squid undergo morphological and behavioral changes and experience remarkably different Reynolds number regimes throughout their development, little is known about the dynamics and propulsive efficiency of escape jets throughout ontogeny. We examine the hydrodynamics and kinematics of escape jets in squid throughout ontogeny using 2D/3D velocimetry and high-speed videography. All life stages of squid produced two escape jet patterns: (1) escape jet I characterized by short rapid pulses resulting in vortex ring formation and (2) escape jet II characterized by long high-volume jets, often with a leading-edge vortex ring. Paralarvae exhibited higher propulsive efficiency than adult squid during escape jet ejection, and propulsive efficiency was higher for escape jet I than escape jet II in adults. These results indicate that although squid undergo major ecological transitions and morphology changes from paralarvae to adults, all life stages demonstrate flexibility in escape jet responses and produce escape jets of surprisingly high propulsive efficiency.

Madden S., Alt R.A.

Innovative justice focuses on crime victim needs, support, and healing outside of criminal justice systems. We use the recent public coming forward of Chanel Miller—the survivor in the Brock Turner case—to interrogate innovative justice for sexual assault survivors on social media. By qualitatively analyzing Miller’s Instagram account, we found that it was a platform for innovative justice by being a visual space to process emotions, modeling growth and healing, and offering validation and hope. We offer the concept of victim-centered public dialogue (VCPD), which allows for the public witnessing and possibility for personal disclosures in online spaces that contribute to a process of growth and healing for survivors.

Rottmann A.K., Duggan M.H.

Micro-credentials are becoming an efficient and financially sound method of delivering skills and content knowledge to adult learners. This chapter will define micro-credentials, explore how higher education and business organizations view and utilize them, and discuss the challenges of creating and implementing them. This chapter will conclude with a description of how a small private non-profit university created several micro-credentials by adapting components of their Online Teaching and Instructional Design Master's program. It will also outline the reasons behind the implementation, the research conducted to validate the change, and the process of creating the micro-credentials through template design.

Stargell N., Craigen L., Bradley N., Whisenhunt J., Campbell E., Kress V.E.

Parrish C., Otto K.A., Dodson C.

The recruitment of international-student athletes (ISAs) to NCAA schools in the United States has been a feature of intercollegiate athletics since the late 1940’s and an influx of foreign-born ath...

Lee S.J., Thomas S.

Critical Black women teachers (BWTs) play a vital role in education. They employ pedagogies that are political in nature and effective in outcome, particularly for Black students in urban schools. However, despite their impact, BWTs leave the profession at rates higher than all other teachers. Therefore, this study engaged sista circle methodology to explore how post-service critical BWTs reflected on their teaching experiences, specifically regarding their mental health and the role it had on their decision to leave the profession. Based on the findings, recommendations are made to key stakeholders to support critical BWTs’ mental health and sustainability in urban schools.