Recent Advances in Marine-Based Nutraceuticals and Their Health Benefits

Resmi R., Yoonus J., Beena B.

Chitosan is a bio-based polysaccharide having promising biological and antitumor properties. The present study aims at the synthesis of chitosan using shrimp shell waste. Chitosan preparation consists of two consecutive steps such as demineralization and deproteinization. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the obtained chitosan were established using various instrumental techniques like XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, SEM and TEM. Herein, we have shown that Significant bacterial activity was manifested by chitosan against both gram positive (S. aureus and S. mutans) and gram negative (E. coli and P. aeuriginosa) bacteria. The biosynthesized chitosan exerts an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in a dose –dependent manner while being non -toxic to fibroblast L929 normal cells.

Ahmad S.I., Ahmad R., Khan M.S., Kant R., Shahid S., Gautam L., Hasan G.M., Hassan M.I.

Chitin, a polysaccharide that occurs abundantly in nature after cellulose, has attracted the interest of the scientific community due to its plenty of availability and low cost. Mostly, it is derived from the exoskeleton of insects and marine crustaceans. Often, it is insoluble in common solvents that limit its applications but its deacetylated product, named chitosan is found to be soluble in protonated aqueous medium and used widely in various biomedical fields. Indeed, the existence of the primary amino group on the backbone of chitosan provides it an important feature to modify it chemically into other derivatives easily. In the present review, we present the structural properties of chitin, and its derivatives and highlighted their biomedical implications including, tissue engineering, drug delivery, diagnosis, molecular imaging, antimicrobial activity, and wound healing. We further discussed the limitations and prospects of this versatile natural polysaccharide. • Chitin is the second most available polysaccharide on earth. • Often, it is insoluble in common solvents that limit its applications. • The structural properties of chitin and its derivatives, define its applications. • They are promising materials for future applications as versatile polysaccharides.

Goto M., Iohara D., Michihara A., Ifuku S., Azuma K., Kadowaki D., Maruyama T., Otagiri M., Hirayama F., Anraku M.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more advanced form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is associated with increased cardiovascular and liver-related mortality. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP5/Dmcr) that are fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet develop hepatic lesions that are similar to those observed in human NASH pathology. We investigated the hepatic protective and antioxidant effects of surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers (SDACNFs) that were administered to SHRSP5/Dmcr rats for 8 weeks. The administration of SDACNFs (80 mg/kg/day) resulted in a significant decrease in hepatic injury, oxidative stress, compared with the non-treatment. The SDACNFs also caused a reduction in the population of harmful members of the Morganella and Prevotella genus, and increased the abundance of the Blautia genus, a useful bacterium in gut microbiota. We therefore conclude that SDACNF exerts anti-hepatic and antioxidative effects not only by adsorbing lipid substances but also by reforming the community of intestinal microflora in the intestinal tract.

Jamshidi A., Cao H., Xiao J., Simal-Gandara J.

Fish oil has been widely applied in fortified food products because of its special health benefits especially containing high unsaturated fatty acids mainly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Nowadays, there are various foods fortify with fish oil available in the market. The main challenge of fortification of food products with fish oil is its highly susceptible to oxidation and its influence on sensory attributes during storage. The fortification methods such as direct addition through bulk fish oil, emulsion or microencapsulation could effectively improve the oxidative stability of fish oil and mask unpleasant fishy flavour in fortified products. Therefore, this article provides a review of techniques, their advantages and limitations, together with the effects of incorporating fish oil in foods products.

Sudatta B.P., Sugumar V., Varma R., Nigariga P.

Chitosan is a biopolymer discovered abundantly on earth specifically in the exoskeleton of shrimps, crabs and insects. In the present study, isolation and characterization of chitosan from the pen shell Pinna bicolor was carried out. In addition to this, the chitosan acquired from the pen shell was tested for its antibacterial activity against five bacterial strains. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of NH out of plane bending (872 cm−1) and C-O-C stretching (1016 cm−1) for chitosan with 59.76% degree of deacetylation. The Micro Raman showed peaks at 1658 cm−1, 1595 cm−1 and at 954 cm−1 corresponding to chitosan. The XRD was able to establish the crystallinity of the chitosan sample with a maximum peak at 29.3°. The elemental analysis of chitosan sample confirmed higher level of carbon (10.75%) when compared to other elements such as nitrogen, hydrogen and sulphur. The antimicrobial activity of extracted chitosan was evident with greater zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhi (20 mm) and least against Shigella dysenteriae. Thus, the present study unravels the properties of chitosan extracted from P. bicolor thereby paving way for its further use in the field of biomedical science and nanotechnology.

Biris-Dorhoi E., Michiu D., Pop C.R., Rotar A.M., Tofana M., Pop O.L., Socaci S.A., Farcas A.C.

Nowadays, one of the most important research directions that concerns the scientific world is to exploit the earth’s resources in a sustainable way. Considering the increasing interest in finding new sources of bioactive molecules and functional products, many research studies focused their interest on demonstrating the sustainability of exploiting marine macroalgal biomass as feedstock for wastewater treatment and natural fertilizer, conversion into green biofuels, active ingredients in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products, or even for the production of functional ingredients and integration in the human food chain. The objective of the present paper was to provide an overview on the recent progress in the exploitation of different macroalgae species as a source of bioactive compounds, mainly emphasizing the latter published data regarding their potential bioactivities, health benefits, and industrial applications.

Mateos R., Pérez-Correa J.R., Domínguez H.

Phenolic compounds from marine organisms are far less studied than those from terrestrial sources since their structural diversity and variability require powerful analytical tools. However, both their biological relevance and potential properties make them an attractive group deserving increasing scientific interest. The use of efficient extraction and, in some cases, purification techniques can provide novel bioactives useful for food, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical applications. The bioactivity of marine phenolics is the consequence of their enzyme inhibitory effect and antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, or anti-inflammatory activities. This review presents a survey of the major types of phenolic compounds found in marine sources, as well as their reputed effect in relation to the occurrence of dietary and lifestyle-related diseases, notably type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, the influence of marine phenolics on gut microbiota and other pathologies is also addressed.

Wang K., Siddanakoppalu P.N., Ahmed I., Pavase T.R., Lin H., Li Z.

Nature-derived anti-allergic peptides are considered one of the promising therapeutic approaches in alleviating food allergy. The present focus aims to open up a new high-value and full-use way for processing industrial fish wastes while expecting to obtain anti-allergic peptides. In this research, the anti-allergic peptide from Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) byproduct hydrolysate by pepsin hydrolysis, was purified and identified using consecutive chromatographic techniques such as Sephadex G-15 gel permeation chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and LC/MS/MS. Among the fractions (C1-C6) obtained from RP-HPLC, C6 exerted the strongest anti-allergic activity (89.40%) significantly at 1 mg/mL (P＜0.05). Afterwards, the novel peptide with eleven amino acids identified as TPEVHIAVDKF was proved to exert anti-allergic activity after synthesis by inhibiting the release of β-hexosaminidase in IgE-mediated RBL-2H3 cell degranulation at IC50 value: 1.39 mg/mL. Thus, Atlantic salmon byproduct can be a potential source of novel ingredients in food and pharmaceuticals for food allergy management.

Aguirre-Joya J.A., Chacón-Garza L.E., Valdivia-Najár G., Arredondo-Valdés R., Castro-López C., Ventura-Sobrevilla J.M., Aguilar-Gonzáles C.N., Boone-Villa D.

Plant-based pigments are widely present in nature, they are classified depending on their chemical structure as tetrapyrroles, carotenoids, polyphenolic compounds, and alkaloids and are extensively used in medicine, food industry, clothes, and others. Recently they have been investigated due to their role in the areas of food processing, food safety and quality, packaging, and nutrition. Many studies indicate a relationship between bioactive pigments and Non-Communicable Diseases derived from oxidative stress. Their biological applications can help in preventing oxidative injuries in the cell caused by oxygen and nitrogen reactive species. Those pigments are easily degraded by light, oxygen, temperature, pH conditions, among others. Nanotechnology offers the possibility to protect bioactive ingredients and increase its bioavailability after oral administration. Safety to humans (mainly evaluated from toxicity data) is the first concern for these products. In the present work, we present a comprehensive outlook of the most important plant-based pigments used as food colorants, the principal nanotechnology systems prepared with them, and the relationship of these compounds with the oxidative stress and related Non-Communicable Disease. • Plant-based pigments have impact in several industries. • They are classified as tetrapyrroles, carotenoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids. • These compounds have different bioactivities, including antioxidant. • Nanotechnology is a useful tool to improve their bioactivities and shelf life. • Plant-based antioxidant pigments represent an option to help in NCD treatment.

Bashir K.M., Sohn J.H., Kim J., Choi J.

• The isolated mackerel peptides demonstrated higher antioxidant activities. • The m / z of the selected peptides ranged from 547.29 Da to 1049 Da. • Purified peptides were rich in hydrophobic and polar amino acids. • Mackerel could serve as an alternative to develop cost-effective bioactive peptide. Antioxidant peptides are commonly used as functional ingredient in the pharmaceutical industries. Here, we characterized the antioxidant peptides from mackerel muscle protein hydrolysates (MPHs). MPHs showing higher bioactivities were separated into seven groups by FPLC. MPH-3 which exhibited significantly higher ( p < 0.05) DPPH scavenging activity (32.12 ± 3.01%) was fractionated using RP-HPLC to obtain purified fractions A and B, which were further subjected to MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS for mass fingerprinting. Fraction A exhibited the highest ( p < 0.05) DPPH scavenging activity (34.11 ± 1.52%), and it contained 21 peptides characterized by LC-MS/MS-. Ten peptides were synthesized, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated; one of the peptides, ALSTWTLQLGSTSFSASPM, showed the highest ( p < 0.05) DPPH scavenging activity (36.34 ± 4.64%) and another peptide, LGTLLFIAIPI, exhibited the highest ( p < 0.05) SOD-like activity (28.94 ± 4.19%). The results of this study indicate that MPHs could serve as a suitable source of antioxidant peptides.

Andryukov B.G., Besednova N.N., Kuznetsova T.A., Zaporozhets T.S., Ermakova S.P., Zvyagintseva T.N., Chingizova E.A., Gazha A.K., Smolina T.P.

Wound healing involves a complex cascade of cellular, molecular, and biochemical responses and signaling processes. It consists of successive interrelated phases, the duration of which depends on a multitude of factors. Wound treatment is a major healthcare issue that can be resolved by the development of effective and affordable wound dressings based on natural materials and biologically active substances. The proper use of modern wound dressings can significantly accelerate wound healing with minimum scar mark. Sulfated polysaccharides from seaweeds, with their unique structures and biological properties, as well as with a high potential to be used in various wound treatment methods, now undoubtedly play a major role in innovative biotechnologies of modern natural interactive dressings. These natural biopolymers are a novel and promising biologically active source for designing wound dressings based on alginates, fucoidans, carrageenans, and ulvans, which serve as active and effective therapeutic tools. The goal of this review is to summarize available information about the modern wound dressing technologies based on seaweed-derived polysaccharides, including those successfully implemented in commercial products, with a focus on promising and innovative designs. Future perspectives for the use of marine-derived biopolymers necessitate summarizing and analyzing results of numerous experiments and clinical trial data, developing a scientifically substantiated approach to wound treatment, and suggesting relevant practical recommendations.

Udayangani R.M., Somasiri G.D., Wickramasinghe I., Kim S.

Chapter 22 Potential Health Benefits of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Algae R.M.A.C. Udayangani, Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri LankaSearch for more papers by this authorG.D.P. Somasiri, Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri LankaSearch for more papers by this authorIndira Wickramasinghe, Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri LankaSearch for more papers by this authorSe-Kwon Kim, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Korean Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-Gu, Busan, 49112 Republic of Korea 3 Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd., 18, Saimdang-ro, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 137876 Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this author R.M.A.C. Udayangani, Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri LankaSearch for more papers by this authorG.D.P. Somasiri, Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri LankaSearch for more papers by this authorIndira Wickramasinghe, Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri LankaSearch for more papers by this authorSe-Kwon Kim, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Korean Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-Gu, Busan, 49112 Republic of Korea 3 Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd., 18, Saimdang-ro, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 137876 Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Professor Se-Kwon Kim, Department of Marine Science & Convergence Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, South KoreaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 August 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119143802.ch22Citations: 3 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Summary Macroalgae or seaweeds are rich sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds with various biological activities. Seaweeds are rich sources of sulfated polysaccharides. The major sulfated polysaccharides found in marine algae include fucoidan from brown algae, carrageenan from red algae, and ulvan from green algae. Based on stereochemistry, sulfated polysaccharides in red algae are primarily classified as agarans and carrageenans. Sulfated polysaccharide fucans are composed of a fucose backbone. Fucoidan is one of the best studied fucans from brown algae. The major water soluble polysaccharide found in green seaweed of the order Ulvales is ulvan. Due to the health benefits of their various biological activities, marine algae are known to be a rich source of healthy food. This chapter describes the potential health benefits of marine algae including anticoagulant activity, anti-viral activity, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, and immunomodulating activity. Citing Literature Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology RelatedInformation

Scarfì S., Pozzolini M., Oliveri C., Mirata S., Salis A., Damonte G., Fenoglio D., Altosole T., Ilan M., Bertolino M., Giovine M.

Chondrosia reniformis is a common marine demosponge showing many peculiarities, lacking silica spicules and with a body entirely formed by a dense collagenous matrix. In this paper, we have described the identification of a new cytotoxic protein (chondrosin) with selective activity against specific tumor cell lines, from C. reniformis, collected from the Liguria Sea. Chondrosin was extracted and purified using a salting out approach and molecular weight size exclusion chromatography. The cytotoxic fractions were then characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis and matched the results with C. reniformis transcriptome database. The procedure allowed for identifying a full-length cDNA encoding for a 199-amino acids (aa) polypeptide, with a signal peptide of 21 amino acids. The mature protein has a theoretical molecular weight of 19611.12 and an IP of 5.11. Cell toxicity assays showed a selective action against some tumor cell lines (RAW 264.7 murine leukemia cells in particular). Cell death was determined by extracellular calcium intake, followed by cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species overproduction. The in silico modelling of chondrosin showed a high structural homology with the N-terminal region of the ryanodine receptor/channel and a short identity with defensin. The results are discussed suggesting a possible specific interaction of chondrosin with the Cav 1.3 ion voltage calcium channel expressed on the target cell membranes.

Antoniac I.V., Filipescu M., Barbaro K., Bonciu A., Birjega R., Cotrut C.M., Galvano E., Fosca M., Fadeeva I.V., Vadalà G., Dinescu M., Rau J.V.

Al Khalifah R., Alsheikh R., Alnasser Y., Alsheikh R., Alhelali N., Naji A., Al Backer N.

Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency is a global childhood health problem. Food fortification is a promising strategy to curb vitD deficiency. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of utilizing vitD fortification in staple foods to improve 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and to reduce the prevalence of vitD deficiency among healthy children. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the use of vitD fortified food products compared to no fortification among healthy children aged 1–18 years old. We searched Medline, Embase, Global Health, and Cochrane (CENTRAL) databases from database inception until May 2019. Independently, six reviewers in pairs screened titles and abstracts, assessed the full text for eligibility, and performed data extraction and quality assessment. The primary outcome is the impact of fortification on 25(OH)D concentration. The secondary outcomes included the impact of fortification on the prevalence of vitD deficiency, school performance, cognitive function, school absences, infection rate, hospital admission length, and compliance with fortified food product consumption. We identified 2229 articles. After assessing eligibility, 20 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The eligible RCTs assessed the fortification of milk, cereal, juice, bread, yogurt, and cheese compared with no fortification. All RCTs, except for three, had a low risk of bias. Food fortification improved 25(OH)D concentration by a mean difference (MD) of 15.51 nmol/L (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.28, 24.74; I2 = 99%), which resulted in a mean increase of 3 nmol/l for every 100 IU of vitD, when adjusted for baseline 25(OH)D concentration and country latitude. Additionally, the prevalence of vitD deficiency decreased by a risk ratio of 0.53 (95% CI 0.41, 0.69; I2 = 95%), and cognitive function improved by a MD of 1.22 intelligence quotient (IQ) points (95% CI 0.65, 1.79; I2 = 0%). The overall evidence quality was high. VitD food fortification is an effective way to improve 25(OH)D concentration, prevent vitD deficiency, and improve IQ levels. PROSPERO CRD42017057631

Jiménez-Ortega L.A., González-Gómez J.P., Quiñónez-Angulo P., Valdez-Baro O., Heredia J.B.

The bioactive and functional compounds from marine resources and their wastes represent a large variety of compounds and primary metabolites such as pigments, fibers, polymers, and powerful secondary metabolites with biological activities, which are appreciated in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. That is why this market is constantly growing and innovating. Due to their purity and efficiency as pigments, dietary supplements, and other additives, bioactive marine products have attracted the attention of the scientific, industrial, social, and business sectors, linking them to generate resources and economy, according to current and future trends in this market. This chapter aims to capture the commercial and productive status of bioactive marine products, emphasizing the figures of this market and coming trends, considering toxicological and regulatory aspects.

Carrasqueira J., Bernardino S., Bernardino R., Afonso C.

Marine-derived polysaccharides have sparked immense interest in the nutraceutical industry as they possess a wide range of bioactivities which are highlighted in this review. These include antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, gut microbiota regulator, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity. Algae, marine invertebrates, vertebrates, and microorganisms are the main sources of marine polysaccharides, such as alginate, fucoidan, laminarin, carrageenan, chitosan, glycosaminoglycans, and exopolysaccharides. The structure and functional groups of these compounds influence their bioactive properties. Moreover, the functional properties of polysaccharides, such as gelling, thickening, and stabilising capabilities, are also crucial in product development, where they can serve as gluten substitutes in bakery goods and stabilisers in icings, sauces, and yoghurts. The potential of commercial products under development, such as marine polysaccharide supplements, is discussed, along with already commercialised products in the nutraceutical market. This review emphasises the enormous potential of marine-derived polysaccharides as bioactive compounds with health benefits and commercial value.

Kang J., Zhu J., Li K., Wang J., Zhang K., Chen Y., Luo T., Shi H.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the effects of the vine of Lonicera japonica Thunb (VLT) and marine-derived Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 (BA-9) supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of goat kids. A total of 32 4-week-old kids were randomly assigned into four groups: a control group (CON), a group supplemented with 0.3% BA-9 (BA-9), a group supplemented with 2% VLT (VLT), and a group supplemented with both 0.3% BA-9 and 2% VLT (MIX). The results indicated that VLT supplementation significantly increased both average daily (P < 0.001) and total weight gain (TWG) (P < 0.001), while BA-9 alone had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the average daily and TWG. Biomarker analysis of oxidative stress revealed that supplementation of VLT or BA-9 alone enhanced antioxidant capacity. The MIX group showing a higher total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) compared with the CON, VLT, and BA-9 groups (P < 0.05). Plasma albumin (ALB) levels were significantly increased in the both VLT and BA-9 groups. Microbiota analysis revealed significant differences in α-diversity and β-diversity between the MIX and CON groups, with specific genera such as Prevotellaceae_UCG.004 and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group negatively correlated with average daily gain (ADG), while Alistipes was positively correlated with T-AOC. These findings suggest that the combined supplementation of VLT and BA-9 can significantly enhance growth performance and antioxidant capacity in goat kids by modulating the composition of gut microbiota and reducing oxidative stress.

Im S.T., Kim W.C., Lee S.

ABSTRACTBackgroundExposure to ultraviolet (UV) light promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 expression, leading to skin damage. Several studies have reported that protein‐rich fish byproducts from enzymatic hydrolysis exhibited a variety of health benefits such as antioxidant and anti‐inflammation. In the current study, we investigated the protective effect of protein hydrolysate from salmon byproduct (SBPH) in ultraviolet B (UVB)‐irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and zebrafish.MethodsAntioxidant activities of SBPH were evaluated by the oxidative radical scavenging assay. To determine the cytotoxicity of SBPH, the CCK‐8 assay was performed. The protective effects of SBPH against photodamage was evaluated by DCF‐DA, ELISA, and western blotting analysis in UVB‐induced in vitro and in vivo model.ResultsSBPH significantly increased cell proliferation and suppressed UVB‐induced intracellular ROS generation and MMP‐1 expression by regulating activator protein 1 (AP‐1) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways in HDF cells. In addition, SBPH reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and alleviated the inflammatory response via suppressing nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). Moreover, UVB‐induced abnormal homeostasis in HDF cells was remarkably improved via the downregulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins including p53 and p21. Furthermore, the in vivo photoprotective effect was determined by reducing the level of ROS in the UVB‐induced zebrafish model.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that SBPH possesses strong protective effects against UVB and may serve as a potential ingredient in pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals.

Rivas García F., García Sierra J.A., Valverde-Merino M., Zarzuelo Romero M.J.

Food supplements are used for a variety of purposes, one of which is weight reduction. As excess weight is a long-term condition, some supplements are expected to be used for long periods of time. The long-term use of these dietary supplements makes it highly likely that they will be combined with medications, increasing the risk of food supplement–drug interactions, which are not always known or disclosed, and can lead to serious health problems, as has been observed. This article discusses some of the compounds used as food supplements for weight reduction (green tea extract, Garcinia cambogia, chitosan, quercetin and resveratrol) and the interactions they may cause with some drugs such as: dextromethorphan, buspirone, diclofenac, irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, cytochrome P450 inducers and inhibitors, statins, orlistat, warfarina, acenocoumarol, fluoxetine, valproate, quetiapine, carbamazepine. This information is expected to be useful for healthcare professionals to detect and intervene on food supplement–drug interactions to ensure the optimization of therapy and patient safety.

Manjudevi M., Kamaraj M., Aravind J., Wong L.S.

Pham T.H., Thomas R., Schwab C., Martinez M.M., Vidal N.P.

Brown macroalgae represent a sustainable and abundant source of lipids with acknowledged functional and health benefits. Nonetheless, macroalgae lipidome has been poorly unraveled due to lipids complex structural and chemical diversity. In this study, a comprehensive lipidomic analysis was performed in four macroalgae: Saccharina latissima, Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus serratus and the invasive Sargassum muticum, using HILIC-C30RP-HRMS. Neutral lipids (tri-, di-glycerides) comprised 72-82% of total lipids (TL) with a highly unsaturation profile (27-49% depending on species). The polar lipidome comprised glycolipids, phospholipids, betaine lipids and sphingolipids with varied content among macroalgae. S. latissima displayed the greatest level of glycolipids (23% of TL), by contrast with the dominance of long-chain polyunsaturated betaine lipids (10-18% of TL) in the other species, particularly in S. muticum. Phospholipids and sphingolipids were detected in low abundance (

El Abed N., Ben Hadj Ahmed S., Ozogul F.

Seaweeds are promising alternative sources of valuable bioactive compounds that could be used as functional agents for human health and in the food industry. Seaweed bioactives, including peptides and polysaccharides have investigated both in vitro and in vivo systems. Therefore, they have shown several attractive biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic properties. They could also be exploited as dietary fiber, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. The biological properties of seaweed-derived peptides and polysaccharides are extremely correlated to their chemical structures. This chapter provides information on seaweed-derived bioactive polysaccharides and peptides, as bioactive compounds, and their beneficial impacts on human health with their potential applications in the food industry.

Čagalj M., Šimat V.

Seaweeds, as vital primary producers, thrive in diverse marine environments and offer protection to coastal areas and marine life. The global seaweed industry has witnessed remarkable growth, producing 35.76 million tonnes valued at 14.7 billion USD in 2019, mainly driven by Asian seaweed cultivation. This growth showcases their ecological importance and potential as sustainable resource for many industrial applications. Seaweeds provide solutions to environmental challenges by mitigating marine nutrient pollution, combating eutrophication, reducing ocean acidification, treating wastewater, and sequestering carbon. Their cultivation represents an eco-friendly approach to marine environmental management. However, challenges like limited demand, site availability, labour shortages, and potential biodiversity impacts exist. Innovative approaches, such as integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems, offer solutions but need careful management. In the research community, seaweeds are gaining attention, with over 2800 research publications in 2021. They are recognized as functional foods, rich in essential nutrients. Seaweeds are a nutritional powerhouse, combating iodine deficiency, supporting cardiovascular health, and reducing inflammation. They also provide natural pigments with antioxidant properties and non-animal sulphated polysaccharides used in the food industry. Seaweeds have diverse applications, from human food to biofertilizers, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Their rich history of consumption in East Asia has led to growing global popularity due to their nutritional value and flavour-enhancing properties in foods. Seaweed polysaccharides like carrageenan, agar, and alginate offer sustainable, biodegradable solutions for green packaging. Furthermore, seaweeds are a source of bioactive compounds, with over 1200 new marine-derived compounds discovered annually. They have applications in treating neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular conditions, anti-photoaging, and gut microbiota modulation. Seaweeds offer a dual impact on human health, both through direct consumption and as eco-friendly biofertilizers in agriculture. Clinical studies are essential to validate their health benefits and maximize their potential for human well-being.

Le A., Prabhu N., S. Almoallim H., Awad Alahmadi T.

The nutraceutical value, and physicochemical profile as well as anti-inflammatory activity potential of Odonthalia floccose and Odonthalia dentata (red macroalgae) dry biomass were investigated in this study. Proximate composition study results revealed that the dry biomass of O. floccose and O. dentae were found to be as ash: 9.11 & 8.7 g 100 g

Raj R., Prabhakar P.K.

The chemical compounds derived from marine organisms, have become increasingly significant in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries. This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of marine metabolites, from their ecological roles in marine ecosystems to their applications in human health and disease management. Covering over 70% of the Earth's surface, the oceans are home to a vast array of life forms, from the simplest organisms like algae and plankton to complex mammals, all of which contribute to the marine metabolite repertoire. These organisms have developed unique metabolic pathways that produce secondary metabolites with distinctive structures and potent biological activities, evolved as adaptive responses to their competitive and often hostile environments. Here we are discussing the diverse classes of marine metabolites and their mechanisms of action. These compounds exhibit a wide range of actions related to biology which make them valuable possible medicine development candidates.

Shekoohi N., Carson B.P., Fitzgerald R.J.

Cadar E., Pesterau A., Prasacu I., Ionescu A., Pascale C., Dragan A.L., Sirbu R., Tomescu C.L.

Collagen peptides and marine collagen are enormous resources currently utilized. This review aims to examine the scientific literature to determine which collagen peptides derived from marine sources and which natural active antioxidants from marine collagen have significant biological effects as health-promoting nutraceuticals. Marine collagen is extracted from both vertebrate and invertebrate marine creatures. For vertebrates, this includes fish skin, bones, scales, fins, and cartilage. For invertebrates, it includes mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans, and poriferans. The method used involved data analysis to organize information for isolating and identifying marine biocompounds with antioxidant properties. Specifically, amino acids with antioxidant properties were identified, enabling the use of hydrolysates and collagen peptides as natural antioxidant nutraceuticals. The methods of extraction of hydrolyzed collagen and collagen peptides by different treatments are systematized. The structural characteristics of collagen, collagen peptides, and amino acids in fish skin and by-products, as well as in invertebrate organisms (jellyfish, mollusks, and crustaceans), are described. The antioxidant properties of different methods of collagen hydrolysates and collagen peptides are systematized, and the results are comparatively analyzed. Their use as natural antioxidant nutraceuticals expands the range of possibilities for the exploitation of natural resources that have not been widely used until now.

Yesilsu A.F., Alp-Erbay E., Kahyaoğlu L.N., Aydin İ.

Nanotechnology has been evolving for many years and emerging in several scientific fields including electronic, material computer, textile and drug industries. The utilization of nanomaterials in food and agricultural applications is very limited and still innovative. Main implementations of nanotechnology in the food industry involve nanostructured food ingredients, packaging and sensing applications. On the other hand, sustainable manufacturing of nanostructured ingredients depends highly on the valorization of waste and by-products of the food industry. Waste management towards low carbon emission is indispensable as it might not only enrich soil and water with essential nutrients but also contribute to circular bio-economy. The vast production of fish and fisheries products, as well as the waste and by-products made from fish, are all results of the world population’s rapid growth and the industrialization that follows. Two-thirds of the entire fish production is estimated to be wasted, which raises concerns for the economy and environment. The use of fish waste and by-products in the manufacturing of nanostructures to obtain materials with high added value gains more interest day by day.

Ahmed M.E., Mohamed M.I., Ahmed H.Y., Elaasser M.M., Kandile N.G.

AbstractChitosan (CS) is a biopolymer that offers a wide range in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and antimicrobial activity. Syringaldehyde (1) is a naturally occurring organic compound characterized by its use in multiple fields such as pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, textiles and biological applications. Herein, development of chitosan derivative with physicochemical and anticancer properties via Schiff base formation from the reaction of chitosan with sustainable eco-friendly syringaldehyde yielded the (CS-1) derivative. Moreover, in the presence of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) or sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinkers gave chitosan derivatives (CS-2) and (CS-3NPs) respectively. The chemical structures of the new chitosan derivatives were confirmed using different tools. (CS-3NPs) nanoparticle showed improvement in crystallinity, and (CS-2) derivative revealed the highest thermal stability compared to virgin chitosan. The cytotoxicity activity of chitosan and its derivatives were evaluated against HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) and HEp-2 (Human Larynx carcinoma) cell lines. The highest cytotoxicity activity was exhibited by (CS-3NPs) compared to virgin chitosan against HeLa cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of 90.38 ± 1.46% and 30.3% respectively and IC50 of 108.01 ± 3.94 µg/ml. From the above results, it can be concluded that chitosan nanoparticle (CS-3NPs) has good therapeutic value as a potential antitumor agent against the HeLa cancer cell line.