Instituto Federal do Paraná

Scamati V., Cantorani J.R., Picinin C.T.

Resumo Indivíduos com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) enfrentam diversas barreiras em seu desenvolvimento cognitivo, principalmente nas interações sociais cotidianas. A aprendizagem desses indivíduos não segue um padrão convencional, pois são frequentemente diagnosticados com déficits que podem afetar a aquisição de conhecimento, como dificuldades de comunicação e socialização. Esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo investigar e aprofundar a compreensão dos fatores que influenciam a aprendizagem de indivíduos com TEA, considerando uma abordagem que articule as características inerentes ao espectro autista com a configuração do ambiente escolar. O Methodi Ordinatio foi aplicado para filtrar e selecionar o corpus documental, resultando em uma seleção de 15 artigos. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de análise bibliométrica, combinando o software R com o pacote Bibliometrix. As evidências sugerem a importância de discutir fatores que precisam ser compreendidos na interação entre déficits relacionados ao TEA e o ambiente escolar, e que são fundamentais para facilitar o avanço dos processos cognitivos desses indivíduos.

Bezerra M.L., Gouveia-Nhanca M., da Veiga Dutra M.L., Batista K.S., de Araújo A.N., dos Santos Lima M., Ribeiro M.D., Silva A.S., Alves A.F., Pimentel T.C., Magnani M., de Souza Aquino J.

Background and aimsObesity is a disease associated with increased oxidative stress in humans and animals, and consumption of antioxidant compounds such as polyphenols can minimise it. These compounds are abundant in malícia (Mimosa quadrivalvis L.) honey produced by stingless bees. This study aimed to evaluate whether administration of Mimosa quadrivalvis L. honey to obese rats could reduce oxidative stress in vital organs through phenolic compound action.MethodsWistar rats (228 ± 14.69 g) were randomly divided into two groups: a healthy group (HG, n = 20) fed a control diet and an obese group (OG, n = 20) fed a cafeteria diet for the initial 8 weeks. After this period, these groups were again randomised into four subgroups: healthy (HG, n = 10), obese (OG, n = 10), healthy with malícia honey administration (1,000 mg/kg; HGH, n = 10), and obese with malícia honey administration (1,000 mg/kg; OGH, n = 10) for the final 8 weeks fed the previously mentioned diets. The rats were euthanised at the end of the experiment to collect brain, gut, kidney, and liver tissues to evaluate parameters related to oxidative stress and phenolic profile.ResultsThe administration of malícia honey reduced energy intake and weight gain in the OGH in comparison to the OG. Total antioxidant capacity increased in the brain, liver, and gut in both groups treated with honey compared to respective controls. Lipid peroxidation decreased in the brain, gut, and kidney of the OGH. Both treated groups showed elevated phenolic compound deposition, including catechin, procyanidins, and flavonoids, across all organs. Specifically, the brain in the OGH showed greater procyanidin B2 and gallic acid deposition; the liver showed increased procyanidin B1 and B2, epicatechin, and myricetin concentrations; the gut showed higher procyanidin B2 and kaempferol 3-glucoside concentrations; and the kidneys had increased catechin, procyanidin B1 and B2, and gallic acid deposition compared to the OG.ConclusionHistologically, the OGH displayed reduced neuronal damage and prevention of hepatic steatosis induced by the cafeteria diet. Malícia honey effectively reduced oxidative stress via modulation of phenolic compounds in the brain, gut, kidney, and liver of cafeteria diet-induced obese rats.

Vendramini C.F., de Campos T.A., da Silva N.M., Matiucci M.A., Alves E.S., dos Santos P.D., Barão C.E., de Oliveira O., Cardozo-Filho L., Feihrmann A.C.

This study utilized the ultrasound-assisted extraction method to obtain an extract rich in phenolic compounds from the leaves of Tricosanthes cucumerina. The optimization of the experimental design identified the optimal extraction conditions: a temperature of 40 °C, a duration of 6.25 min, and an amplitude of 40%. Under these conditions, the extraction yielded the highest levels of phenolic compounds, measuring 262.54 mg of GAE (gallic acid equivalent) per gram. Further analysis of these extracts using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) demonstrated that ultrasound extraction increased the availability of bioactive compounds, such as p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid. The resulting extract was microencapsulated with sodium alginate as the wall material and then lyophilized to enhance the shelf life and stability of the phenolic compounds. The thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that the microcapsules exhibited thermal stability, retaining their properties at temperatures up to 250 °C. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses corroborated the effectiveness of the encapsulation process. Consequently, the ultrasound-assisted extraction of T. cucumerina leaves is a promising alternative for incorporating bioactive compounds into food products, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics, thus benefiting consumers.

Sá C.P., Pagani R.N., Przybysz A.L., Souza F.F., Resende D.N., Kovaleski J.L.

Smart cities leverage information and communication technologies to enhance urban life quality, essential in densely populated environments requiring comprehensive planning. A critical area in urban settings is food production and delivery, where effective management becomes vital. New technologies can assist, but require models that support innovative production and commercialization methods. This study proposes an integration model between family farming—producers of organic food—and urban areas—consumers of these products. The model focuses on the management of organic food production and delivery to meet urban demands, serving as a tool in the transformation of these areas into smart municipalities. Additionally, this study suggests an alternative certification method for organic food production within family farming. A systematic literature review was conducted using the Methodi Ordinatio methodology. Content analysis of the selected articles identified strategies cities can adopt to promote organic certification, emphasizing transparent governance, public food procurement policies, and participatory certification systems. The proposed model aims to reduce bureaucracy and improve family farmers’ income, aligning with several Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 15 (Life on Land), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals).

Teixeira S.D., Santos T.G., Hendges A.P., Mikich S.B., Bianconi G.V., Marques F.A., Sales Maia B.H.

Campos R.

de Paula Correia D.V., Rodak B.W., Machado H.A., Lopes G., Freitas D.S.

The use of nickel (Ni) in agriculture may represent one of the most significant cases of plant hormesis ever reported, as plants exhibit both positive and negative responses depending on the level of exposure to this element. For a more comprehensive understanding of this effect, the next step is to conduct studies on the dynamics of pre-existing chemical elements in the system (ionomic profile), especially when introducing Ni as a novel nutrient for the plants. This micronutrient is of particular interest to the fertilization of leguminous plants, such as the soybean, due to its additional effects on the biological nitrogen fixation process. This study thus evaluated the influence of five doses of Ni (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 9.0mg of Ni kg

dos Santos Lima M., da Silva Monteiro L.I., de Brito Araújo Carvalho A.J., Bastos D.C., Pimentel T.C., Magnani M.

Reliable analytical methods are the basis for the elucidation of phenolic compounds in foods. This study aimed to optimize and validate a method for determining 42 phenolics using reverse-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode-array-detector-DAD. The performance of two RP columns was evaluated. The 150x4.6 mm 3-μm column showed superior separation quality, whereas 35 of the 42 phenolics showed a separation resolution ≥1.5. The method's linearity, precision (coefficient variation< 3.09%), recovery (87.5-103.2%), specificity, limits of detection (0.04-0.25 mg/L), and quantification (0.06-0.25 mg/L) had acceptable ranges. Thirty phenolics were quantified in Citrus peels, mainly flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, and phenolic acids, highlighting the high values of hesperidin (535-35070 mg/kg) and naringin (26-36466 mg/kg). Lemon peels named 'Lisboa,' 'Thaiti,' 'Thaiti-2000', and 'Thaiti-2001' presented the main phenolics associated with antioxidant capacity. The presented method was robust for determining 42 phenolic compounds, offering a new approach for bioactive compound quantification in food matrices.

Demeneghi P., Tasca F.A.

Santos E.J., Herrmann A.B.

Santana L.D., Ramos T.H., Haeffner R., Brey C., Pedrolo E., Ziesemer N.D.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados aos transtornos mentais e comportamentais entre trabalhadoras/es de enfermagem no contexto da COVID-19. Método: estudo de corte transversal do tipo web survey, realizado entre outubro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022, com 1.073 profissionais de enfermagem. Aplicou-se um instrumento com variáveis sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e autoavaliação de transtornos mentais e comportamentais para a coleta de dados. A análise foi realizada de forma descritiva, com medidas de frequência absoluta e relativa, inferencial univariada e múltipla com Regressão de Poisson. Resultados: os transtornos mentais e comportamentais, referidos por 50,8% dos participantes, apresentaram associação significativa com sexo feminino, tempo na profissão maior que 10 anos, mais que dois vínculos trabalhistas e com autoavaliação da saúde como ruim. Conclusão: Verificou-se alta prevalência de transtornos mentais e comportamentais autorreferidos na amostra. O tempo de atuação na profissão e o número de vínculos empregatícios foram variáveis fortemente associadas ao desfecho. Estudos desta natureza são essenciais para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de estratégias eficazes para a redução dos fatores de risco à saúde do trabalhador, sobretudo aqueles de origem ocupacional passíveis de modificação.

Santana L.D., Ramos T.H., Haeffner R., Brey C., Pedrolo E., Ziesemer N.D.

ABSTRACT: Objective: to identify the prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders among nursing workers in the context of COVID-19 and its associated factors. Method: cross-sectional web survey carried out between October 2021 and January 2022, with 1.073 nursing professionals. An instrument with sociodemographic and occupational variables, and a self-assessment of mental and behavioral disorders was applied to collect data. A descriptive analysis with absolute and relative frequencies and univariate and multivariate inferential analyses using Poisson Regression were conducted. Results: mental and behavioral disorders were reported by 50.8% of participants, showing a significant association with the female sex, more than 10 years in the profession, more than two employment contracts, and poor self-rated health. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of self-reported mental and behavioral disorders in the sample. The length of time working in the profession and the number of employment relationships were variables strongly associated with the outcome. Studies like these are essential to assist in the development of effective strategies for reducing risk factors to workers' health, especially those of occupational origin that can be modified.

Santos A.J., Serafim A.C., Siqueira A.D., Teixeira J.A., de Souza A.R., Morgon N.H., Siqueira A.B.

In this work, losartan compounds with trivalent ions La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), and Eu(III) were synthesized in the solid-state. The thermal and spectroscopic study of the compounds was performed using TG-DSC, FTIR, DRX, and evolved gas analysis (EGA) by TG-DSC/FTIR. The theoretical and experimental spectroscopic data suggested the possible modes of coordination of the ligand with the metal ions by the tetrazole ring. Thermogravimetric analyses provide information on the thermal stability, water coordination, and stoichiometry of the compounds. The minimum formulae of the compounds is [Ln(Los)3(H2O)x], where Ln=La and Ce/x = 7; and Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu/x = 6. TG-DSC coupled to FTIR in an air atmosphere suggested the release of H2O, CO2, CO, MeOH, NH3, and -NCO during the thermal decomposition of losartan from lanthanides. Amorphous compounds were obtained, and their poor solubility suggests their potential use as prodrugs in the solid-state.

Caldas N.M., de Faria L.V., Batista A.G., Alves A.O., Silva S.C., Peixoto D.A., Nossol E., Rocha D.P., Semaan F.S., Pacheco W.F., Dornellas R.M.

Tailor-made conductive filaments have been an innovative approach to additively manufacturing affordable and enhanced electrochemical sensors targeted for the proposed application. In this context, carbon-metal composite materials exhibit relevant conductive and catalytic properties, while a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix provides printable characteristics and adds a sustainable aspect to the device. Thus, a new eco-friendly composite material using graphite (G) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) dispersed within a PLA matrix was proposed here. Efforts were directed towards selecting the best proportion between materials, considering the compromise between printability, mechanical stability, and electrochemical response. The electrodes were printed using a 3D pen, an user-friendly and accessible tool. Pyridoxine (PYR), a B-complex vitamin, was selected as a proof-of-concept analyte. In-depth electrochemical studies demonstrated that AgNPs drastically improved the electrochemical response of the sensor, achieving a 3.6-fold increase in charge transfer, if compared to the AgNPs-free electrode. The developed 3D-printed G/AgNPs/PLA sensor was assembled onto a 3D-printed BIA cell, and rapid amperometric measurements were performed for the determination of PYR. Utilizing the AgNPs-based sensor, a wide linear range (0.1 to 400 µmol L−1), and a low detection limit (0.03 µmol L−1) with suitable precision (RSD < 5.7 %) were obtained. Furthermore, selectivity was achieved in the presence of excipient compounds and other B-complex vitamins. The method was applied to pharmaceutical samples, and the results were validated against the reference method (UV–vis spectrometry). Therefore, it can be stated that our analytical approach is accurate and reliable, showing promise for implementation in routine analyses. In addition, our conductive filament material is sustainable and accessible to laboratories with minimal infrastructure aimed at producing high-performance electrochemical sensors.

Mafaldo Í.M., Araújo L.M., Cabral L., Barão C.E., Noronha M.F., Fink J.R., de Albuquerque T.M., dos Santos Lima M., Vidal H., Pimentel T.C., Magnani M.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential prebiotic properties of cassava cultivars from Northeast [Doce mel and Ourinho (OUR)] and South [Baiana, and IPR-Upira (UPI)] of Brazil in in vitro fermentation systems. The cultivars were evaluated for their chemical composition, and, then, two cultivars were selected (OUR and UPI) and subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion to assess the effects on probiotics Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium animalis growth, metabolic activity, and prebiotic activity scores. Finally, the impact of cassava cultivars on the fecal microbiota of celiac individuals was evaluated using the 16S rRNA gene. Cassava cultivars have variable amounts of fiber, resistant starch, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), organic acids, phenolic compounds, and sugars, with OUR and UPI cultivars standing out. OUR and UPI cultivars contributed to the increase in the proliferation rates of L. casei (0.04-0.19), L. acidophilus (0.34-0.27), and B. animalis (0.10-0.03), resulting in more significant effects than FOS, an established prebiotic compound. Also, the positive scores of prebiotic activities with probiotic strains indicate OUR and UPI's ability to stimulate beneficial bacteria while limiting enteric competitors selectively. In addition, OUR and UPI promoted increased relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae in the fecal microbiota of celiac individuals while decreased Lachnospirales, Bacteroidales, and Oscillospirales. The results show that cassava cultivars caused beneficial changes in the composition and metabolic activity of the human intestinal microbiota of celiacs. OUR and UPI cultivars from the Northeast and South of Brazil could be considered potential prebiotic ingredients for use in the formulation of functional foods and dietary supplements.